灌溉和氮素管理对高粱产量、蛋白质和氨基酸组成的影响

IF 2.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Troy J. Ostmeyer, Dinesh Kumar Saini, S. M. Impa, Kamaranga H. S. Peiris, Scott R. Bean, Glen Ritchie, Chad Hayes, Brent Bean, S. V. Krishna Jagadish
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和目的美国高平原地区的高粱生产面临着气候多变、水资源匮乏和土壤肥力低下的挑战。为了解决这一挑战,在田间条件下,对11种常见的高粱杂交种进行了3种灌溉方式(全- 232 mm、中- 141 mm和最小- 88 mm)和施氮时间(基施、基施+穗萌发)的相互作用研究。结果:与其他灌溉水平相比,全灌可使籽粒产量提高85% ~ 91%。然而,与基施氮相比,劈裂施氮使籽粒产量增加约34%。全灌+分施氮肥的增产主要是由于穗长和每穗粒数的增加。与其他处理相比,全灌+分施氮肥处理植株残氮较高。灌水对籽粒氨基酸组成的影响大于施氮。充足的灌溉提高了必需和限制性氨基酸,如赖氨酸和苏氨酸,以及丝氨酸家族的氨基酸。结论关键生育期适当的灌溉和分施氮肥可提高高粱的产量和品质。收获时大量的植物残氮表明,氮素从非籽粒部位再迁移到籽粒是制约高粱籽粒产量和品质提高的主要因素。水氮管理提高了高粱体内必需氨基酸和蛋白质含量,从而改善了籽粒品质。然而,较高的残氮表明,如果高粱能够通过农艺管理或提高氮素利用效率,将额外的氮素转运到籽粒中,籽粒蛋白质和关键氨基酸的改善还有进一步的空间。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impacts of Irrigation and N Management on Yield, Protein, and Amino Acid Composition in Grain Sorghum

Background and Objectives

Sorghum production in the High Plains of the United States faces challenges due to highly variable climate, poor water availability, and low soil fertility. To address this challenge, the interactions among three irrigation regimes (full—232 mm, moderate—141 mm, and minimum—88 mm) and nitrogen (N) application time (basal, basal + panicle initiation) were evaluated on 11 popular grain sorghum hybrids under field conditions.

Findings

Full irrigation increased grain yield by 85%–91% compared to other irrigation levels. However, split N application resulted in around 34% increase in grain yield compared to basal N treatment. The increase in grain yield under full irrigation + split N application was a result of increased panicle length and grains per panicle. Residual plant N was higher under full irrigation + split N application compared to other treatments. Irrigation had greater impact on grain amino acid composition than N timing. Adequate irrigation enhanced essential and most limiting amino acids such as lysine and threonine, and amino acids of the serine family.

Conclusions

The findings reveal that adequate irrigation and split N application at critical growth stages improved grain yield and quality in sorghum. A large amount of residual plant-N at harvest indicates that the remobilization of N from non-grain parts into grains is a major limitation for improving grain yield and quality in sorghum.

Significance and Novelty

Water and N management enhanced essential amino acids and protein content in grain sorghum, thereby improving grain quality. However, a high residual plant-N indicated that there is further scope for improving the grain protein and key amino acids if sorghum could translocate additional N into grains either through agronomic management or through enhanced N use efficiency.

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来源期刊
Cereal Chemistry
Cereal Chemistry 工程技术-食品科技
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
110
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Cereal Chemistry publishes high-quality papers reporting novel research and significant conceptual advances in genetics, biotechnology, composition, processing, and utili­zation of cereal grains (barley, maize, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, triticale, and wheat), pulses (beans, lentils, peas, etc.), oil­seeds, and specialty crops (amaranth, flax, quinoa, etc.). Papers advancing grain science in relation to health, nutrition, pet and animal food, and safety, along with new methodologies, instrumentation, and analysis relating to these areas are welcome, as are research notes and topical review papers. The journal generally does not accept papers that focus on nongrain ingredients, technology of a commercial or proprietary nature, or that confirm previous research without extending knowledge. Papers that describe product development should include discussion of underlying theoretical principles.
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