{"title":"通过tempo介导的纤维素纳米晶掺入和热压增强醋酸纤维素电纺丝膜的水过滤性能","authors":"Ane Arrizabalaga-Luzuriaga, Stefano Torresi, Ainara Saralegi, Arantxa Eceiza","doi":"10.1007/s10924-025-03659-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Access to clean water is increasingly critical due to escalating pollution from industrialization and population growth. This study presents the development of advanced cellulose acetate (CA)-based membranes for water filtration through an integrated approach combining electrospinning, hot pressing, and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) functionalization. A 12 wt% CA solution in a 4:1 acetone/acetic acid mixture was electrospun under optimized conditions (1 mL/h, 15 cm, 35–70% relative humidity) to produce uniform, bead-free nanofibrous mats. Subsequent hot pressing at 100 °C and 20 bar yielded denser membranes with enhanced mechanical durability and reduced pore size. Functionalization with CNCs and TEMPO-oxidized CNCs (CNC<sub>TEMPO</sub>) further improved performance. Structural characterization confirmed the successful TEMPO oxidation of CNCs, as evidenced by FTIR bands at 1730 and 1604 cm⁻¹ and a carboxyl content of 0.56 ± 0.04 mmol/g, enhancing nanocrystal dispersion and interfacial adhesion within the CA matrix. Moreover, SEM images showed denser and more homogeneous fiber morphology after hot pressing and CNC<sub>TEMPO</sub> incorporation, as well as higher tensile strength values, indicating structural reinforcement. These changes led to a reduction in water contact angle (from 104° to 37°) and filtration time from 100 min to under 30 s. Filtration tests showed improved rejection of 2.0 μm particles (92%) and efficient methylene blue dye removal (up to 95%) in membranes with 3 wt% CNC<sub>TEMPO</sub>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to combine electrospinning, hot pressing, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals in cellulose acetate membranes to simultaneously enhance wettability, mechanical stability, and filtration performance using a fully bio-based system. This integrated strategy offers a promising route for fabricating high-performance, multifunctional membranes for sustainable water treatment applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 10","pages":"4485 - 4501"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-025-03659-5.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Enhanced Water Filtration Performance in Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Membranes via TEMPO-Mediated Cellulose Nanocrystal Incorporation and Hot Pressing\",\"authors\":\"Ane Arrizabalaga-Luzuriaga, Stefano Torresi, Ainara Saralegi, Arantxa Eceiza\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10924-025-03659-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Access to clean water is increasingly critical due to escalating pollution from industrialization and population growth. This study presents the development of advanced cellulose acetate (CA)-based membranes for water filtration through an integrated approach combining electrospinning, hot pressing, and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) functionalization. A 12 wt% CA solution in a 4:1 acetone/acetic acid mixture was electrospun under optimized conditions (1 mL/h, 15 cm, 35–70% relative humidity) to produce uniform, bead-free nanofibrous mats. Subsequent hot pressing at 100 °C and 20 bar yielded denser membranes with enhanced mechanical durability and reduced pore size. Functionalization with CNCs and TEMPO-oxidized CNCs (CNC<sub>TEMPO</sub>) further improved performance. Structural characterization confirmed the successful TEMPO oxidation of CNCs, as evidenced by FTIR bands at 1730 and 1604 cm⁻¹ and a carboxyl content of 0.56 ± 0.04 mmol/g, enhancing nanocrystal dispersion and interfacial adhesion within the CA matrix. Moreover, SEM images showed denser and more homogeneous fiber morphology after hot pressing and CNC<sub>TEMPO</sub> incorporation, as well as higher tensile strength values, indicating structural reinforcement. These changes led to a reduction in water contact angle (from 104° to 37°) and filtration time from 100 min to under 30 s. Filtration tests showed improved rejection of 2.0 μm particles (92%) and efficient methylene blue dye removal (up to 95%) in membranes with 3 wt% CNC<sub>TEMPO</sub>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to combine electrospinning, hot pressing, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals in cellulose acetate membranes to simultaneously enhance wettability, mechanical stability, and filtration performance using a fully bio-based system. This integrated strategy offers a promising route for fabricating high-performance, multifunctional membranes for sustainable water treatment applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":659,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Polymers and the Environment\",\"volume\":\"33 10\",\"pages\":\"4485 - 4501\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-025-03659-5.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Polymers and the Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-025-03659-5\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-025-03659-5","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhanced Water Filtration Performance in Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Membranes via TEMPO-Mediated Cellulose Nanocrystal Incorporation and Hot Pressing
Access to clean water is increasingly critical due to escalating pollution from industrialization and population growth. This study presents the development of advanced cellulose acetate (CA)-based membranes for water filtration through an integrated approach combining electrospinning, hot pressing, and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) functionalization. A 12 wt% CA solution in a 4:1 acetone/acetic acid mixture was electrospun under optimized conditions (1 mL/h, 15 cm, 35–70% relative humidity) to produce uniform, bead-free nanofibrous mats. Subsequent hot pressing at 100 °C and 20 bar yielded denser membranes with enhanced mechanical durability and reduced pore size. Functionalization with CNCs and TEMPO-oxidized CNCs (CNCTEMPO) further improved performance. Structural characterization confirmed the successful TEMPO oxidation of CNCs, as evidenced by FTIR bands at 1730 and 1604 cm⁻¹ and a carboxyl content of 0.56 ± 0.04 mmol/g, enhancing nanocrystal dispersion and interfacial adhesion within the CA matrix. Moreover, SEM images showed denser and more homogeneous fiber morphology after hot pressing and CNCTEMPO incorporation, as well as higher tensile strength values, indicating structural reinforcement. These changes led to a reduction in water contact angle (from 104° to 37°) and filtration time from 100 min to under 30 s. Filtration tests showed improved rejection of 2.0 μm particles (92%) and efficient methylene blue dye removal (up to 95%) in membranes with 3 wt% CNCTEMPO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to combine electrospinning, hot pressing, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals in cellulose acetate membranes to simultaneously enhance wettability, mechanical stability, and filtration performance using a fully bio-based system. This integrated strategy offers a promising route for fabricating high-performance, multifunctional membranes for sustainable water treatment applications.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.
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