Dynamic risk assessment of WUI fires based on knowledge-driven approach and scenario simulation

The rapid development of urbanization has significantly increased the risk of fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Traditional risk assessment methods, which lack in-depth semantic expression of risk formation and rapid perception of disaster and environmental data, struggle to meet the demands for real-time and accurate assessment. This study focuses on the risk assessment and prevention of WUI fires. A dynamic fire risk assessment framework is proposed, merging flame spread simulation and impact analysis to quantify evolving hazards and exposure. This framework dynamically reflects the process of fire spread, fire hazard, and the exposure of vulnerable entities. Based on multi-source heterogeneous data and a knowledge meta-model of WUI fires, a WUI fire system ontology is created, and A spatiotemporal semantic graph database enables the integrated unification of fire scenario construction and knowledge-driven simulation. The research integrates WUI fire risk semantics with fire behavior simulation, coupling knowledge bases with simulation models to develop and innovate methods for fire risk assessment, providing robust support for WUI fire prevention, control, and emergency management.