Mohammed Ibrahim , Mansour Aouassa , Saud A. Algarni , A.K. Aladim , Maha A. Alenizi , K.M.A. Saron , Mohammed Bouabdellaoui , Isabelle Berbezier
{"title":"多孔硅的热稳定:高质量SiGe外延的关键步骤","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim , Mansour Aouassa , Saud A. Algarni , A.K. Aladim , Maha A. Alenizi , K.M.A. Saron , Mohammed Bouabdellaoui , Isabelle Berbezier","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2025.128342","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the epitaxial growth of virtual silicon–germanium (SiGe) substrates on porous silicon (PSi). Epitaxy was performed on different types of PSi substrates, with or without prior thermal annealing. Morphological and structural investigations by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that epitaxial SiGe films grown on double-layer PSi substrates, annealed at 1100 °C, exhibit significantly higher crystalline quality than those grown on unannealed PSi substrates or PSi substrates annealed at temperatures lower than or equal to 900 °C. This improvement is attributed to the beneficial effects of 1100 °C annealing, which leads to stress relaxation, internal microstructure stabilization and significant improvement of PSi surface morphology. In contrast, direct growth of SiGe on unannealed PSi, even at moderate temperature (∼400 °C), induces structural degradation of the porous buffer, leading to a very high dislocation density in the epitaxially grown SiGe films. A well-optimized thermal treatment of PSi substrates promotes the growth of high-quality virtual SiGe substrates on PSi that is both efficient and economically viable for the development of SiGe-based photovoltaic cells and microelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crystal Growth","volume":"670 ","pages":"Article 128342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Thermal stabilization of porous silicon: A key step for high-quality SiGe epitaxy\",\"authors\":\"Mohammed Ibrahim , Mansour Aouassa , Saud A. Algarni , A.K. Aladim , Maha A. Alenizi , K.M.A. Saron , Mohammed Bouabdellaoui , Isabelle Berbezier\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2025.128342\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This study focuses on the epitaxial growth of virtual silicon–germanium (SiGe) substrates on porous silicon (PSi). Epitaxy was performed on different types of PSi substrates, with or without prior thermal annealing. Morphological and structural investigations by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that epitaxial SiGe films grown on double-layer PSi substrates, annealed at 1100 °C, exhibit significantly higher crystalline quality than those grown on unannealed PSi substrates or PSi substrates annealed at temperatures lower than or equal to 900 °C. This improvement is attributed to the beneficial effects of 1100 °C annealing, which leads to stress relaxation, internal microstructure stabilization and significant improvement of PSi surface morphology. In contrast, direct growth of SiGe on unannealed PSi, even at moderate temperature (∼400 °C), induces structural degradation of the porous buffer, leading to a very high dislocation density in the epitaxially grown SiGe films. A well-optimized thermal treatment of PSi substrates promotes the growth of high-quality virtual SiGe substrates on PSi that is both efficient and economically viable for the development of SiGe-based photovoltaic cells and microelectronic devices.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":353,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Crystal Growth\",\"volume\":\"670 \",\"pages\":\"Article 128342\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Crystal Growth\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024825002969\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CRYSTALLOGRAPHY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Crystal Growth","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024825002969","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CRYSTALLOGRAPHY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal stabilization of porous silicon: A key step for high-quality SiGe epitaxy
This study focuses on the epitaxial growth of virtual silicon–germanium (SiGe) substrates on porous silicon (PSi). Epitaxy was performed on different types of PSi substrates, with or without prior thermal annealing. Morphological and structural investigations by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that epitaxial SiGe films grown on double-layer PSi substrates, annealed at 1100 °C, exhibit significantly higher crystalline quality than those grown on unannealed PSi substrates or PSi substrates annealed at temperatures lower than or equal to 900 °C. This improvement is attributed to the beneficial effects of 1100 °C annealing, which leads to stress relaxation, internal microstructure stabilization and significant improvement of PSi surface morphology. In contrast, direct growth of SiGe on unannealed PSi, even at moderate temperature (∼400 °C), induces structural degradation of the porous buffer, leading to a very high dislocation density in the epitaxially grown SiGe films. A well-optimized thermal treatment of PSi substrates promotes the growth of high-quality virtual SiGe substrates on PSi that is both efficient and economically viable for the development of SiGe-based photovoltaic cells and microelectronic devices.
期刊介绍:
The journal offers a common reference and publication source for workers engaged in research on the experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices. Experimental and theoretical contributions are published in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallization in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterization of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multilayer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials. A special feature of the journal is the periodic inclusion of proceedings of symposia and conferences on relevant aspects of crystal growth.