在WVSN部署中，3D室内监控的负载平衡和调度：一种跨层设计方法

IF 4.8 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.adhoc.2025.104024

Zhonghui Wang , Xi Jin , Qingsong Zhao , Feng Wang , Khaled Sabahein

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引用次数: 0

摘要

无线视觉传感器网络（WVSNs）作为无线传感器网络（WSNs）领域的最新进展，由于其定向视觉感知能力而表现出一些独特的特征。这些区别使得传统的无线传感器网络方法，如k覆盖，不足以解决无线传感器网络带来的挑战。特别是，可视化数据——比标量数据更大、更实时、更复杂——对数据路由、负载平衡和流量调度机制提出了新的要求。本文提出了一个自上而下的跨层优化框架，以解决三维（3D）室内监测背景下的这些挑战。在应用层，该研究引入了2角覆盖的概念，通过考虑多个视觉传感器的方向视角，扩展了传统的k-覆盖模型。为此，提出了贪婪启发式算法和增强深度优先搜索（DFS）算法来优化传感器部署，同时保证角度分集。在网络层，本研究批评了通常用于流量路由的wsn中基于树的拓扑结构的局限性。它提出了一种替代策略，利用整个网络拓扑结构，将负载平衡任务制定为广义最大流量问题，并通过有效的优化算法解决它。在链路层，提出了一种基于时分多址（TDMA）的调度算法，以保证视频流数据的无争用传输。此外，还集成了来自上层的优化见解，以实现跨层细化，从而提高视觉数据质量并最大限度地减少端到端传输延迟。结果表明，所提出的方法在提高WVSNs的视觉覆盖质量、实现网络流量均衡和降低整体通信延迟方面是有效的。

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On WVSN deployment, load balancing and scheduling for 3D indoor monitoring: A cross-layer design approach

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs), as a recent advancement in the domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), exhibit several unique characteristics owing to their directional visual sensing capabilities. These distinctions render traditional WSN methodologies, such as k-coverage, inadequate for addressing the challenges posed by WVSNs. In particular, visual data — being substantially larger, real-time, and more complex than scalar data — introduce new demands on data routing, load balancing, and traffic scheduling mechanisms.

This paper presents a top-down cross-layer optimization framework to address these challenges within the context of three-dimensional (3D) indoor monitoring. At the Application layer, the study introduces the concept of 2-angular-coverage, extending the conventional k-coverage model by accounting for directional perspectives from multiple visual sensors. To this end, both a greedy heuristic and an enhanced depth-first search (DFS) algorithm are proposed to optimize sensor deployment while ensuring angular diversity.

At the Network layer, this research critiques the limitations of tree-based topologies commonly used in WSNs for traffic routing. It proposes an alternative strategy that leverages the entire network topology, formulating the load balancing task as a generalized maximum flow problem and solving it via an efficient optimization algorithm.

At the Link layer, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based scheduling algorithm is developed to ensure contention-free transmission of visual streaming data. Moreover, optimization insights from upper layers are integrated to enable cross-layer refinement, thereby improving visual data quality and minimizing end-to-end transmission latency.

The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in enhancing visual coverage quality, achieving balanced network traffic, and reducing overall communication latency in WVSNs.

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来源期刊

Ad Hoc Networks 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

4.20%

发文量

131

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： The Ad Hoc Networks is an international and archival journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in ad hoc and sensor networking areas. The Ad Hoc Networks considers original, high quality and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to: Mobile and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Sensor Networks Wireless Local and Personal Area Networks Home Networks Ad Hoc Networks of Autonomous Intelligent Systems Novel Architectures for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Self-organizing Network Architectures and Protocols Transport Layer Protocols Routing protocols (unicast, multicast, geocast, etc.) Media Access Control Techniques Error Control Schemes Power-Aware, Low-Power and Energy-Efficient Designs Synchronization and Scheduling Issues Mobility Management Mobility-Tolerant Communication Protocols Location Tracking and Location-based Services Resource and Information Management Security and Fault-Tolerance Issues Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds Experimental and Prototype Results Quality-of-Service Issues Cross-Layer Interactions Scalability Issues Performance Analysis and Simulation of Protocols.