l-Proline driven Knoevenagel condensation for Assembling benzimidazole-pyrazole-coumarin frameworks; Mechanistic, biological and electrochemical lead sensor applications

Novel conjugates of substituted pyrazoles linked to 4-hydroxy coumarins and benzimidazoles were synthesized through a l-proline catalyzed multicomponent ligation. The formulated compounds (4a-h) were evaluated in-vitro for antibacterial (broth dilution), anti-tubercular assay (MABA). Some of the screened entities rendered promising in-vitro antibacterial activity (4f-MIC:125 μg/mL), anti-tubercular activity (4b, 4f, 4g-MIC:6.25 μg/mL). Molecular docking examination was executed onto GlmU (N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, compound 4f showcased strong active site interactions and minimal binding energy. The DFT studies offered valuable insights into chemical reactivity descriptors. The CPE/BPCH modified electrode demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance for lead detection, offering high sensitivity, low LOD, and excellent stability.