Energy-efficient communication in WSNs using ABCP: An Aurora and quantum tunneling approach

Cluster-based routing has been effective for facing the unique problems of Wireless Sensor Networks such as handling energy consumption and forwarding data in large, limited resource environments. Based on how the Aurora Borealis changes over time, this paper proposes the Aurora-Based Clustering Protocol which relies on virtual electrical drift and quantum tunneling to select flexible clusters and their heads. According to ABCP, a sensor node is represented by a charged particle and its virtual charge is measured by considering remaining energy and nearby data amounts. Nodes in the network are linked by streamlines created with magnetic-inspired methods and cluster heads are selected randomly using a fitness model that aims for both balance and central locations. It offers support for changing network arrangements and arranges paths so that communication is efficient wherever and whenever users move. ABCP was tested by running multiple simulations with a network of 300 nodes which reflects how a WSN might be used in real life. Against standard approaches such as LEACH, BeeCluster, iABC and PSO-based schemes, ABCP saves up to 28.7% more energy and adds at least 17.4% to the network’s lifetime under varying and densely packed node conditions.