Profil étiologique et pronostic de l’insuffisance cardiaque du sujet jeune dans un pays à ressources limitées

Objectives

To study the etiological factors and prognosis of heart failure in subjects aged 15 to 45 in the cardiology department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center.

Methodology

It was a retrospective cohort study from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2022, involving 130 patients.

Results

The average age of our patients was 30 ±7,88 years, with a female predominance of 57,7 %. Sedentary lifestyle was the most found cardiovascular risk factor in 49,2 % of cases, followed by hypertension in 25,2%. Congestive heart failure was the most frequent clinical presentation in our total sample (79%). Rheumatic valvulopathies were the most common aetiology in 27,6 % followed by peripartum cardiomyopathy in 23,8 %. On the electrocardiogram, arrhythmias were found in 27,5 % of patients; they were dominated by atrial arrhythmias (33,3% of arrhythmias). The left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced in 53,85% of cases. One-year Mortality was 9,2 %. In a post-hospital survey, 65 patients were not coming back. Among the monitored patients, 11 were deceased. The factors linked to the deaths were the existence of comorbidities and rehospitalizations.

Conclusion

Aetiologies are always dominated by valvulopathies. However, the peripartum cardiomyopathy is often found in our context. The prognosis can be improved by more appropriate management, like cardiac surgery for valvulopathies and prevention for peripartum cardiomyopathy.