Infuence of prebiotics on childhood autism: Evidences and implications

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. In this context, individuals often exhibit behavioural alterations and frequent gastrointestinal disturbances, which are often associated with gut dysbiosis.

In recent years, interest in prebiotics as modulators of the gut microbiota has grown significantly, as these compounds promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and the production of metabolites with potential neuroprotective effects.

This review summarizes the main preclinical and clinical evidence on the use of prebiotics in the context of ASD, describing the biological mechanisms underlying their potential therapeutic effects.

Several studies suggest that supplementation with prebiotics, such as galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides, may improve both gastrointestinal symptoms and certain behavioral aspects in individuals with ASD. These effects are thought to be mediated through modulation of the microbiota, reduction of inflammation, and regulation of the gut–brain–microbiota axis.

However, the literature highlights significant methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent findings, underscoring the need for more rigorous and standardized studies.

In conclusion, prebiotics represent a promising complementary therapeutic strategy in ASD, but further research is needed to precisely determine their efficacy, safety, and optimal use.