Green Synthesis of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ferulago angulata Plant Extract and Its Effect on Second-Degree Burn Wound Healing

In the present study, the synthesis, characterization, and therapeutic effects in treating second-degree burn wounds of the green synthesis ZnO NPs using Ferulago angulata extract and its doping with magnesium were evaluated. The prepared materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of materials were investigated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The concentration of 500 µg/mL of Mg-doped ZnO NPs was associated with the highest level of DPPH radical reduction among the several substances (F. angulata extract, ZnO NPs, and Mg-doped ZnO NPs) (p < 0.05). The Pasteur Institute cell bank was employed to obtain the Huvec cell line for the cytotoxicity test. The viability of the cells decreased as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) after 24 h of exposure. The lowest viability rate was seen when these substances were added at 1000 µg/mL. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of nanoparticles and ointments prepared from these nanoparticles with different concentrations were investigated. Examining the antibacterial and antifungal effect of zinc oxide and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles showed that these compounds had antibacterial and antifungal effects on mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Candida albicans, mold, and yeast. After 21 days of treatment with various ointments, the speed of wound closure and hair growth was observed in groups Mg-doped ZnO NPs (0.05% and 1%), Zn-NPs (0.05% and 1%), Adib Derm and Eucerin groups, respectively. The microscopic analysis of the wound site in the group treated with 0.1% of Mg-doped ZnO NPs showed that after 21 days, collagenization and epithelialization occurred. The epidermis and the stratum corneum were well-formed, and the formation of hair follicles increased in number. The presence of sebaceous glands around the hair follicles also indicated complete wound healing and improved skin.