Clinical Utility of miR-590-5p as a Biomarker for Stratifying Disease Severity and Anticipating Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Preeclamptic Patients.

Background: Chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia (PE) together comprise hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP). They are one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression may signal PE and adverse outcomes.

Aims: Study of the clinical relevance of miR-590-5p in evaluating disease severity and predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in PE.

Methods: Totally 240 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 60 patients with GH, 120 patients with PE, and 60 healthy controls (HC). The PE group consisted of 60 mild PE (MP) and 60 severe PE (SP). The RT-qPCR was employed to detect the serum miR-590-5p expression. ROC curves and logistic regression were used to analyze their diagnostic value. PE patients were grouped by miR-590-5p expression and followed until delivery. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to investigate the influence of miR-590-5p expression on pregnancy outcome in patients with PE.

Results: MiR-590-5p expression was increased in GH, which was further elevated in PE. MiR-590-5p expression was shown to be greater in SP than in MP. MiR-590-5p could differentiate between GH/PE (AUC = 0.921, sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 91.7%) and MP/SP (AUC = 0.910, sensitivity = 82.0%, specificity = 85.0%). The level of miR-590-5p expression was correlated positively with blood pressure, urinary protein, and creatinine, and negatively with platelets and neonatal weight. The miR-590-5p high-expression group of patients had a lower probability of normal delivery.

Conclusions: Up-regulation of miR-590-5p might help to diagnose PE, depicting the severity of PE, and positively correlate with adverse pregnancy outcomes.