Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Cancer Cell Biosensor Based on BlueP/TMDCs and MXene Heterostructure

Cancer has become a critical global health issue, highlighting the urgent need for detection methods that are both fast and highly accurate. This study presents an advanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for detecting various cancer cell types (Jurkat, PC12, HeLa), utilizing a hybrid structure with two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and a composite of blue phosphorene with transition metal dichalcogenides (BlueP/TMDCs). Simulation software MATLAB was used to model the SPR biosensor, assessing its sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). Optimal sensitivity, reaching 251.21°/RIU, was achieved with a monolayer of MXene and a bilayer of BlueP/WS₂, specifically detecting PC12 (adrenal glands cells). Compared with the traditional silver (Ag) film used in standard SPR biosensors, this hybrid structure with BlueP/WS₂ demonstrated a 50% increase in sensitivity. SPR biosensors have shown significant advancements in sensitivity and precision over current clinical diagnostic methods, providing a robust foundation for early disease diagnosis and treatment.