Highly selective and sensitive detection of D-Limonene in Indian Cumin based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor coated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticle

The development of a highly sensitive and selective Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) gas sensor coated with bio-synthesized silver nanoparticle has been studied to detect D-Limonene (DL) in Indian cumin. The sensor was developed by coating a quartz crystal with silver nanoparticles, referred to as AgNPs, which were synthesized by reducing silver ions (Ag +) using Hibiscus (Hb) flower extract as a reducing agent. The presence of solvated electrons aided this process, resulting in the creation of a composite material known as HBSNP (Hibiscus-based Silver Nanoparticles Material). A series of experiments assessed various performance measurements like sensitivity, effect of temperature and relative humidity, characterization of sensor, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, repeatability, equilibrium dynamics and sensor's response towards real samples. The findings highlighted the sensor's outstanding sensitivity and selectivity for DL, evidenced by a remarkable sensitivity rate of 0.1325 Hz/mg L⁻¹, a strong correlation (R² = 0.9947) and high percentage selectivity (26.76). Additionally, the sensor's response to the aroma of cumin samples are highly correlated (R² = 0.9417) with data from Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. A notable feature of this sensor is its incorporation of natural green materials and a simple manufacturing process, which contribute to its cost-effectiveness. These attributes render it highly appropriate for practical use in aroma sensing applications, presenting a valuable tool for spice or food quality control and environmental monitoring.

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