Multiterminal High-Voltage Direct Current Projects: A Comprehensive Assessment and Future Prospects

Multiterminal high-voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) systems are an important part of modern power systems, addressing the need for bulk power delivery and efficient renewable energy integration. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in MT-HVDC technology, including launched projects and ongoing initiatives. The central focus of this paper is to present a detailed review of launched MT-HVDC projects across the globe, highlighting their scale, application areas and innovative features. Furthermore, this paper provides insight into ongoing research and development efforts to push the boundaries of MT-HVDC technology towards the development of overlay HVDC grids. This paper proceeds by emphasising the importance of continued innovation and collaboration in shaping the future formation of Supergrids to achieve sustainable and interconnected energy grids. Finally, the various challenges associated with MT-HVDC systems are explored. This study should serve as a resource for researchers, engineers and policymakers involved in the energy sector, offering a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and trends in MT-HVDC technology and its impact on the evolving landscape of power transmission grids.