Healthcare utilization and resource distribution before and after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation in primary care.

Objectives: Most patients with chronic pain are identified and managed in primary care (PC). Chronic pain management is challenging, which is manifested by increased healthcare utilization (HCU) in this patient group. The interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) is the gold standard treatment for patients with chronic pain but is scarcely used in PC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HCU of patients with chronic pain in PC 1 year before and 1 year after an IPRP by examining the distribution of costs and resources.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study combined data from a national pain registry and HCU data from regional administrative registries, including 146 patients who participated in an IPRP in PC. The outcome measure was the number of outpatient healthcare contacts. Costs and the distribution of resources were compared across the two measurement intervals using paired t-tests. HCU costs were described from a healthcare provider perspective.

Results: HCU decreased by 16% in the year following IPRP compared to the year before. Costs for outpatient visits dropped by 12% or €434 per participant. Visits to physiotherapists and general practitioners decreased the most, by 31% (p = 0.048) and 23% (p < 0.001) respectively. Visits to nurses, occupational therapists, and psychologists/social workers in turn increased marginally (6%, 5% vs 10%).

Conclusions: IPRP in PC may lead to reduced HCU, freed resources, and streamlined chronic pain management. The study offers valuable insights into expected changes in HCU for chronic pain patients after an IPRP and how these changes may impact daily activities at the PC center.