Reshed Abohalaka, Selin Ercan, Lauri Lehtimäki, Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermis, Daniil Lisik, Muwada Bashir Awad Bashir, Radhika Jadhav, Linda Ekerljung, Göran Wennergren, Jan Lötvall, Teet Pullerits, Helena Backman, Madeleine Rådinger, Bright I. Nwaru, Hannu Kankaanranta
{"title":"瑞典西部代表性成人呼出一氧化氮含量的参考值和决定因素","authors":"Reshed Abohalaka, Selin Ercan, Lauri Lehtimäki, Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermis, Daniil Lisik, Muwada Bashir Awad Bashir, Radhika Jadhav, Linda Ekerljung, Göran Wennergren, Jan Lötvall, Teet Pullerits, Helena Backman, Madeleine Rådinger, Bright I. Nwaru, Hannu Kankaanranta","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70107","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE<sub>NO</sub>) is used to differentiate asthma inflammatory phenotypes and guide its management. However, data on FE<sub>NO</sub> reference values in a representative adult population is limited. We aim to derive reference values and determinants of FE<sub>NO</sub> in a representative adult population.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>The West Sweden Asthma Study is a clinical-epidemiological population-representative study of randomly selected adults in Western Sweden. From this cohort, 943 subjects participated in comprehensive clinical investigations, including skin prick testing (SPT), specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) analysis, and FE<sub>NO</sub> measurement. Clinical allergy was defined as co-occurrence of atopy (positivity to SPT or sIgE) and self-reported allergic symptoms to the same allergen family. FE<sub>NO</sub> levels were analysed in relation to the presence or absence of clinical allergy, asthma, and other factors.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The 95<sup>th</sup> percentile of FE<sub>NO</sub> ranged from 34 parts per billion (ppb) in those between 30 and 40 years old to 52 ppb in those ≤ 30 years old in the entire sample (<i>N</i> = 943), and from 26 to 37 ppb in those without clinical allergy, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (<i>n</i> = 587), depending on age. Sex, smoking, clinical allergy, atopy, asthma, and hypertension influenced FE<sub>NO</sub> levels, meanwhile, age, asthma, clinical allergy, and reversibility-related variables were significant determinants of FE<sub>NO</sub> levels.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The 95<sup>th</sup> percentile (upper normal limit) for FE<sub>NO</sub> ranges from 34 to 52 ppb overall, and from 26 to 37 ppb in those without clinical allergy, asthma, or COPD, depending on age. These findings provide a guide for interpreting FE<sub>NO</sub> in the general population.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445423/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Reference Values and Determinants of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in a Representative Adult Population in Western Sweden\",\"authors\":\"Reshed Abohalaka, Selin Ercan, Lauri Lehtimäki, Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermis, Daniil Lisik, Muwada Bashir Awad Bashir, Radhika Jadhav, Linda Ekerljung, Göran Wennergren, Jan Lötvall, Teet Pullerits, Helena Backman, Madeleine Rådinger, Bright I. Nwaru, Hannu Kankaanranta\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/clt2.70107\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE<sub>NO</sub>) is used to differentiate asthma inflammatory phenotypes and guide its management. However, data on FE<sub>NO</sub> reference values in a representative adult population is limited. We aim to derive reference values and determinants of FE<sub>NO</sub> in a representative adult population.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>The West Sweden Asthma Study is a clinical-epidemiological population-representative study of randomly selected adults in Western Sweden. From this cohort, 943 subjects participated in comprehensive clinical investigations, including skin prick testing (SPT), specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) analysis, and FE<sub>NO</sub> measurement. Clinical allergy was defined as co-occurrence of atopy (positivity to SPT or sIgE) and self-reported allergic symptoms to the same allergen family. FE<sub>NO</sub> levels were analysed in relation to the presence or absence of clinical allergy, asthma, and other factors.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>The 95<sup>th</sup> percentile of FE<sub>NO</sub> ranged from 34 parts per billion (ppb) in those between 30 and 40 years old to 52 ppb in those ≤ 30 years old in the entire sample (<i>N</i> = 943), and from 26 to 37 ppb in those without clinical allergy, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (<i>n</i> = 587), depending on age. Sex, smoking, clinical allergy, atopy, asthma, and hypertension influenced FE<sub>NO</sub> levels, meanwhile, age, asthma, clinical allergy, and reversibility-related variables were significant determinants of FE<sub>NO</sub> levels.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>The 95<sup>th</sup> percentile (upper normal limit) for FE<sub>NO</sub> ranges from 34 to 52 ppb overall, and from 26 to 37 ppb in those without clinical allergy, asthma, or COPD, depending on age. These findings provide a guide for interpreting FE<sub>NO</sub> in the general population.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10334,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical and Translational Allergy\",\"volume\":\"15 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445423/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical and Translational Allergy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clt2.70107\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ALLERGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clt2.70107","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Reference Values and Determinants of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in a Representative Adult Population in Western Sweden
Background
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is used to differentiate asthma inflammatory phenotypes and guide its management. However, data on FENO reference values in a representative adult population is limited. We aim to derive reference values and determinants of FENO in a representative adult population.
Methods
The West Sweden Asthma Study is a clinical-epidemiological population-representative study of randomly selected adults in Western Sweden. From this cohort, 943 subjects participated in comprehensive clinical investigations, including skin prick testing (SPT), specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) analysis, and FENO measurement. Clinical allergy was defined as co-occurrence of atopy (positivity to SPT or sIgE) and self-reported allergic symptoms to the same allergen family. FENO levels were analysed in relation to the presence or absence of clinical allergy, asthma, and other factors.
Results
The 95th percentile of FENO ranged from 34 parts per billion (ppb) in those between 30 and 40 years old to 52 ppb in those ≤ 30 years old in the entire sample (N = 943), and from 26 to 37 ppb in those without clinical allergy, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 587), depending on age. Sex, smoking, clinical allergy, atopy, asthma, and hypertension influenced FENO levels, meanwhile, age, asthma, clinical allergy, and reversibility-related variables were significant determinants of FENO levels.
Conclusion
The 95th percentile (upper normal limit) for FENO ranges from 34 to 52 ppb overall, and from 26 to 37 ppb in those without clinical allergy, asthma, or COPD, depending on age. These findings provide a guide for interpreting FENO in the general population.
期刊介绍：
Clinical and Translational Allergy, one of several journals in the portfolio of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, provides a platform for the dissemination of allergy research and reviews, as well as EAACI position papers, task force reports and guidelines, amongst an international scientific audience.
Clinical and Translational Allergy accepts clinical and translational research in the following areas and other related topics: asthma, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, drug hypersensitivity, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic skin diseases, atopic eczema, urticaria, angioedema, venom hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, food allergy, immunotherapy, immune modulators and biologics, animal models of allergic disease, immune mechanisms, or any other topic related to allergic disease.
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