{"title":"乙醇（5%）和异丙醇（2.5%）是有效和安全的浸泡麻醉剂。","authors":"Alexis Davidson, Alyssa Scagnelli, Christoph Mans","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0218","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate 2 immersion anesthesia protocols in adult ramshorn snails.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, adult ramshorn snails were immersed in ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. In the pilot phase, ethanol (2.5% to 20%) or isopropyl alcohol (1% to 10%) were evaluated. Subsequently, in a randomized, blinded, complete crossover study with an 11-day washout period, ethanol 5% and isopropyl alcohol 2.5% were compared. Anesthesia parameters were recorded every 5 minutes, and data were compared using nonparametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethanol 20% and isopropyl alcohol 10% resulted in 100% mortality (n = 8) within 2 days of the pilot trials. Ethanol 5% and isopropyl alcohol 2.5% immersion achieved anesthesia within 75 minutes in all snails (n = 16). The median time to induction was faster for ethanol than isopropyl alcohol (median, 35 [15 to 75 minutes] and median, 42.5 [30 to 75 minutes], respectively; P = .009), and the median time to return of normal movement was faster for isopropyl alcohol than ethanol (median, 17 [8 to 46 minutes] and median, 22 [8 to 110 minutes], respectively; P = .005). There was no difference in time to first movement between protocols (isopropyl alcohol median, 9 [6 to 16 minutes]; ethanol median, 9.5 [6 to 22 minutes]; P = .8). Adverse effects were limited to mild to moderate mucus production with both protocols (28%; n = 9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ethanol (5%) and isopropyl alcohol (2.5%) are effective and safe anesthetics for ramshorn snails.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Isopropyl alcohol is widely available, representing a simple and effective protocol for immersion anesthesia in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ethanol (5%) and isopropyl alcohol (2.5%) are effective and safe immersion anesthetics for ramshorn snails (Planorbarius corneus).\",\"authors\":\"Alexis Davidson, Alyssa Scagnelli, Christoph Mans\",\"doi\":\"10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0218\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate 2 immersion anesthesia protocols in adult ramshorn snails.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, adult ramshorn snails were immersed in ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. In the pilot phase, ethanol (2.5% to 20%) or isopropyl alcohol (1% to 10%) were evaluated. Subsequently, in a randomized, blinded, complete crossover study with an 11-day washout period, ethanol 5% and isopropyl alcohol 2.5% were compared. Anesthesia parameters were recorded every 5 minutes, and data were compared using nonparametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethanol 20% and isopropyl alcohol 10% resulted in 100% mortality (n = 8) within 2 days of the pilot trials. Ethanol 5% and isopropyl alcohol 2.5% immersion achieved anesthesia within 75 minutes in all snails (n = 16). The median time to induction was faster for ethanol than isopropyl alcohol (median, 35 [15 to 75 minutes] and median, 42.5 [30 to 75 minutes], respectively; P = .009), and the median time to return of normal movement was faster for isopropyl alcohol than ethanol (median, 17 [8 to 46 minutes] and median, 22 [8 to 110 minutes], respectively; P = .005). There was no difference in time to first movement between protocols (isopropyl alcohol median, 9 [6 to 16 minutes]; ethanol median, 9.5 [6 to 22 minutes]; P = .8). Adverse effects were limited to mild to moderate mucus production with both protocols (28%; n = 9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ethanol (5%) and isopropyl alcohol (2.5%) are effective and safe anesthetics for ramshorn snails.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Isopropyl alcohol is widely available, representing a simple and effective protocol for immersion anesthesia in this species.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7754,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-6\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0218\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0218","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethanol (5%) and isopropyl alcohol (2.5%) are effective and safe immersion anesthetics for ramshorn snails (Planorbarius corneus).
Objective: To evaluate 2 immersion anesthesia protocols in adult ramshorn snails.
Methods: In this experimental study, adult ramshorn snails were immersed in ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. In the pilot phase, ethanol (2.5% to 20%) or isopropyl alcohol (1% to 10%) were evaluated. Subsequently, in a randomized, blinded, complete crossover study with an 11-day washout period, ethanol 5% and isopropyl alcohol 2.5% were compared. Anesthesia parameters were recorded every 5 minutes, and data were compared using nonparametric tests.
Results: Ethanol 20% and isopropyl alcohol 10% resulted in 100% mortality (n = 8) within 2 days of the pilot trials. Ethanol 5% and isopropyl alcohol 2.5% immersion achieved anesthesia within 75 minutes in all snails (n = 16). The median time to induction was faster for ethanol than isopropyl alcohol (median, 35 [15 to 75 minutes] and median, 42.5 [30 to 75 minutes], respectively; P = .009), and the median time to return of normal movement was faster for isopropyl alcohol than ethanol (median, 17 [8 to 46 minutes] and median, 22 [8 to 110 minutes], respectively; P = .005). There was no difference in time to first movement between protocols (isopropyl alcohol median, 9 [6 to 16 minutes]; ethanol median, 9.5 [6 to 22 minutes]; P = .8). Adverse effects were limited to mild to moderate mucus production with both protocols (28%; n = 9).
Conclusions: Ethanol (5%) and isopropyl alcohol (2.5%) are effective and safe anesthetics for ramshorn snails.
Clinical relevance: Isopropyl alcohol is widely available, representing a simple and effective protocol for immersion anesthesia in this species.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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