2011年至2020年弗吉尼亚州特定源空气污染排放不平等。

IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Geohealth Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI:10.1029/2025GH001431
Lucas R. F. Henneman, Ryah Nadjafi, Xiaorong Shan, Jenna R. Krall
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,美国大部分地区的空气质量都有所改善。然而,污染的减少并不是均匀的,这可能加剧了种族和民族在空气污染暴露方面的不平等。存在这些不平等的部分原因是由于来源(如发电厂或道路)的空间差异。确定哪些因素导致了种族和民族群体之间的不平等,对于确定哪些政策(例如,针对发电厂和汽车排放)将减少不平等至关重要。我们的研究确定了应该减少哪些污染源,以解决弗吉尼亚州四种污染物(氮氧化物、二氧化硫、挥发性有机化合物和PM2.5)的不平等问题。我们从国家排放清单和机动车辆排放模拟器移动源排放模型中得出了弗吉尼亚州134个县的8个排放源类别。我们使用了2011年至2020年美国社区调查的种族和民族数据。我们应用阿特金森指数来获得所有种族和民族群体中每个源污染物对(例如,发电产生的氮氧化物)的不平等的单一摘要。大多数源类排放至少在一种污染物上分布不均。与其他来源相比,发电造成了最大的污染物不平等。从2011年到2020年,移动源的不平等加剧,尽管排放量有所下降。这些结果表明,在制定促进环境正义的政策时,确定造成不平等的主要原因非常重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia

Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia

Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia

Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia

Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia

Air quality has improved in recent decades across most of the United States. However, decreases in pollution have not been uniform, potentially exacerbating inequalities in air pollution exposure by race and ethnicity. These inequalities exist, in part, because of spatial differences in source(s), for example, power plants or roadways. Determining which sources are driving inequality across racial and ethnic groups is critical to determining which policies (e.g., targeting power plant vs. vehicle emissions) would reduce inequalities. Our study determines which pollutant sources should be decreased to address inequalities in four pollutants (NOx, SO2, VOCs, and PM2.5) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. We derived emissions from eight source categories for 134 Virginia counties from the National Emissions Inventory and the MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator mobile source emissions model. We used race and ethnicity data from the American Community Survey from 2011 to 2020. We applied the Atkinson Index to obtain a single summary of inequality for each source-pollutant pair (e.g., NOx from electricity generation) across all race and ethnic groups. Most source category emissions were unequally distributed for at least once pollutant. Compared to other sources, electricity generation resulted in the largest inequalities across pollutants. Mobile sources increased in inequality from 2011 to 2020 even as emissions decreased. These results show the importance of identifying sources that contribute most to inequalities when developing policies to promote environmental justice.

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来源期刊
Geohealth
Geohealth Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
6.20%
发文量
124
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: GeoHealth will publish original research, reviews, policy discussions, and commentaries that cover the growing science on the interface among the Earth, atmospheric, oceans and environmental sciences, ecology, and the agricultural and health sciences. The journal will cover a wide variety of global and local issues including the impacts of climate change on human, agricultural, and ecosystem health, air and water pollution, environmental persistence of herbicides and pesticides, radiation and health, geomedicine, and the health effects of disasters. Many of these topics and others are of critical importance in the developing world and all require bringing together leading research across multiple disciplines.
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