Lucas R. F. Henneman, Ryah Nadjafi, Xiaorong Shan, Jenna R. Krall
{"title":"2011年至2020年弗吉尼亚州特定源空气污染排放不平等。","authors":"Lucas R. F. Henneman, Ryah Nadjafi, Xiaorong Shan, Jenna R. Krall","doi":"10.1029/2025GH001431","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Air quality has improved in recent decades across most of the United States. However, decreases in pollution have not been uniform, potentially exacerbating inequalities in air pollution exposure by race and ethnicity. These inequalities exist, in part, because of spatial differences in source(s), for example, power plants or roadways. Determining which sources are driving inequality across racial and ethnic groups is critical to determining which policies (e.g., targeting power plant vs. vehicle emissions) would reduce inequalities. Our study determines which pollutant sources should be decreased to address inequalities in four pollutants (NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, VOCs, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. We derived emissions from eight source categories for 134 Virginia counties from the National Emissions Inventory and the MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator mobile source emissions model. We used race and ethnicity data from the American Community Survey from 2011 to 2020. We applied the Atkinson Index to obtain a single summary of inequality for each source-pollutant pair (e.g., NO<sub>x</sub> from electricity generation) across all race and ethnic groups. Most source category emissions were unequally distributed for at least once pollutant. Compared to other sources, electricity generation resulted in the largest inequalities across pollutants. Mobile sources increased in inequality from 2011 to 2020 even as emissions decreased. These results show the importance of identifying sources that contribute most to inequalities when developing policies to promote environmental justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439277/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia\",\"authors\":\"Lucas R. F. Henneman, Ryah Nadjafi, Xiaorong Shan, Jenna R. Krall\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2025GH001431\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Air quality has improved in recent decades across most of the United States. However, decreases in pollution have not been uniform, potentially exacerbating inequalities in air pollution exposure by race and ethnicity. These inequalities exist, in part, because of spatial differences in source(s), for example, power plants or roadways. Determining which sources are driving inequality across racial and ethnic groups is critical to determining which policies (e.g., targeting power plant vs. vehicle emissions) would reduce inequalities. Our study determines which pollutant sources should be decreased to address inequalities in four pollutants (NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, VOCs, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. We derived emissions from eight source categories for 134 Virginia counties from the National Emissions Inventory and the MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator mobile source emissions model. We used race and ethnicity data from the American Community Survey from 2011 to 2020. We applied the Atkinson Index to obtain a single summary of inequality for each source-pollutant pair (e.g., NO<sub>x</sub> from electricity generation) across all race and ethnic groups. Most source category emissions were unequally distributed for at least once pollutant. Compared to other sources, electricity generation resulted in the largest inequalities across pollutants. Mobile sources increased in inequality from 2011 to 2020 even as emissions decreased. These results show the importance of identifying sources that contribute most to inequalities when developing policies to promote environmental justice.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48618,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Geohealth\",\"volume\":\"9 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439277/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Geohealth\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025GH001431\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Geohealth","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025GH001431","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Source-Specific Air Pollution Emissions Inequalities From 2011 to 2020 in Virginia
Air quality has improved in recent decades across most of the United States. However, decreases in pollution have not been uniform, potentially exacerbating inequalities in air pollution exposure by race and ethnicity. These inequalities exist, in part, because of spatial differences in source(s), for example, power plants or roadways. Determining which sources are driving inequality across racial and ethnic groups is critical to determining which policies (e.g., targeting power plant vs. vehicle emissions) would reduce inequalities. Our study determines which pollutant sources should be decreased to address inequalities in four pollutants (NOx, SO2, VOCs, and PM2.5) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. We derived emissions from eight source categories for 134 Virginia counties from the National Emissions Inventory and the MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator mobile source emissions model. We used race and ethnicity data from the American Community Survey from 2011 to 2020. We applied the Atkinson Index to obtain a single summary of inequality for each source-pollutant pair (e.g., NOx from electricity generation) across all race and ethnic groups. Most source category emissions were unequally distributed for at least once pollutant. Compared to other sources, electricity generation resulted in the largest inequalities across pollutants. Mobile sources increased in inequality from 2011 to 2020 even as emissions decreased. These results show the importance of identifying sources that contribute most to inequalities when developing policies to promote environmental justice.
期刊介绍:
GeoHealth will publish original research, reviews, policy discussions, and commentaries that cover the growing science on the interface among the Earth, atmospheric, oceans and environmental sciences, ecology, and the agricultural and health sciences. The journal will cover a wide variety of global and local issues including the impacts of climate change on human, agricultural, and ecosystem health, air and water pollution, environmental persistence of herbicides and pesticides, radiation and health, geomedicine, and the health effects of disasters. Many of these topics and others are of critical importance in the developing world and all require bringing together leading research across multiple disciplines.