撒哈拉以南非洲青年数字健康促进工具的类型学和伦理考虑:加纳、肯尼亚和南非案例综述

IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Agata Ferretti, Shannon Hubbs, Richard Mawutor Dzikunu, Keymanthri Moodley, Frederick Murunga Wekesah, Jonty Wright, Effy Vayena
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:在过去十年中,促进健康的数字技术激增,年轻人(包括低收入和中等收入国家的年轻人)对数字技术的使用稳步增加。年轻人越来越依赖数字工具获取健康信息,这种数字技术的早期影响可能在整个生命周期中产生影响。虽然关于年轻人数字健康促进(DHP)的机遇和挑战的文献越来越多,但在仔细审查专门为中低收入国家青年制定的数字健康战略特征的研究方面仍然存在差距。目的:在本文中,我们调查和比较了来自撒哈拉以南非洲3个国家(即加纳、肯尼亚和南非)的DHP工具的选定示例。我们的目标是创建专门为促进这些国家青少年和年轻人健康而开发的DHP工具的多维描述性类型学。方法:为了选择工具,我们使用相关关键词进行系统的互联网搜索,并结合当地专业人员的专业知识,以确保搜索彻底。包括来自三个重点国家之一的解决方案,可以采取任何形式,如应用程序、网站、聊天机器人或社交媒体倡议。随后,我们演绎地创建了一个类型学,描述每个工具的选定特征,包括关注的健康领域、关键利益相关者、服务类型和工具中明确引用的道德价值观。虽然根据该领域的现有文献选择了这些感兴趣的高级特征,但通过对工具的归纳分析确定了详细的描述性类别。结果:共鉴定出31种DHP工具。性健康和生殖健康是卫生方案服务最常见的重点保健领域,这些服务主要由当地非政府组织、基金会和国际组织提供资金和支助。所评估的工具主要是基于网络和社交媒体的,其总体目标和核心价值是扩大卫生知识并向年轻人提供获得健康促进服务的机会。结论:在持续投入的情况下,DHP可以改善年轻人的健康状况,同时减轻卫生保健服务的压力。心理健康领域以及预防药物使用和营养领域,通过对DHP的投资,具有明显的保健收益潜力。解决诸如隐私、透明、公平和包容性等伦理问题对于DHP的安全性、有效性和公平性至关重要。为达致最大的效益,本地青年的观点和优先事项应纳入DHP的发展。地方举措有可能成为年轻人这一目标受众最灵活、最灵活和最相关的举措,其总体目标是在整个生命周期内进行早期干预,提高健康质量,并更有效地利用保健资源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Typology and Ethical Considerations of Digital Health Promotion Tools for Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Examples From Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa.

Typology and Ethical Considerations of Digital Health Promotion Tools for Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Examples From Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa.

Background: Digital technologies for health promotion have proliferated over the past decade, with uptake increasing steadily among young people, including those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Youth increasingly rely on digital tools for health information, and the early influence of this digital technology can have an impact throughout the lifespan. While there is a growing body of literature on the opportunities and challenges of digital health promotion (DHP) for young people, a gap remains in research that closely examines the characteristics of digital health strategies developed specifically for youth in LMICs.

Objective: In this paper, we investigate and compare selected examples of DHP tools from 3 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, namely Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. Our aim is to create a multidimensional descriptive typology of DHP tools developed specifically to promote the health of adolescents and young adults in these countries.

Methods: To select the tools, we conducted systematic internet-based searches using relevant keywords, incorporating the expertise of local professionals to ensure a thorough search. Included solutions originated from one of the 3 countries of focus and could take any number of forms such as apps, websites, chatbots, or social media initiatives. We thereafter deductively created a typology describing selected features of each tool, including the health area of focus, key stakeholders, type of service, and ethical values explicitly referenced within the tool. While such high-level features of interest were selected based on the existing literature in the field, the detailed descriptive categories were identified through an inductive analysis of the tools.

Results: A total of 31 DHP tools were identified. Sexual and reproductive health was the most common health area of focus for DHP services, which were primarily funded and supported by local non-governmental organizations, foundations, and international organizations. The assessed tools were predominantly web-based and social media-based, with the overarching goal and core value of expanding health knowledge and offering access to health promotion services to young people.

Conclusions: With sustained investment, DHP can improve the health of young people while relieving pressure on health care services. The areas of mental health, as well as substance use prevention and nutrition, stand out with clear potential for health gains through investment in DHP. Addressing ethical concerns such as privacy, transparency, equity, and inclusiveness is essential to the safety, usefulness, and fairness of DHP. To achieve the greatest benefit, local youth perspectives and priorities should be included in DHP development. Local initiatives have the potential to be the most agile, flexible, and relevant for the target audience of young people, with the overall goal of early intervention and greater health quality throughout the lifespan, and more efficient use of health care resources.

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来源期刊
JMIR Formative Research
JMIR Formative Research Medicine-Medicine (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
9.10%
发文量
579
审稿时长
12 weeks
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