Performance evaluation of a Dracaena plant-based microbial fuel cell utilizing municipal solid waste compost as substrate and stainless steel mesh-supported 3D Cassia Fistula as bioanode

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven research into plant microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) as a renewable bioelectricity sources. This study evaluated the performance of a Dracaena plant-based PMFC utilizing a 3D biomass anode derived from Cassia fistula and varying percentage of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) to enhance power generation and plant growth. The 3D anode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confirming its porous structure, high carbon content, and thermal stability, which facilitate microbial colonization and electron transfer. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the 3D anode exhibited superior charge transfer efficiency compared to the control anode. The highest power density (204 mW/m²) and current density (255 mA/m²) were achieved with 30% compost, indicating an optimal balance between microbial activity and nutrient availability. Additionally, plant growth was significantly enhanced under 20%–30% compost treatments, while excessive compost (>40%) led to a decrease in performance. The results highlight the economic and environmental benefits of integrating biomass-derived electrodes and organic waste in PMFCs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost and sustainable materials for bioelectricity generation and plant growth enhancement, paving the way for further optimization and large-scale applications.

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