Aleksander Czauderna, Grishma Kulkarni, Niccolò Bianchi, Liqing Cheng, Marissa Sim, Nicola R. Realini, Joanna Gach, Aurelie Caillon, Joachim Kloehn, Gérard Lambeau, Annika Hausmann, Stefano Serra, Matthew T. Sorbara, Simone Becattini
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Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids released during immune responses stimulate host-microbe trans-kingdom communication
Immune responses can significantly alter the structure and function of the gut microbiota, leading to rapid transcriptional and metabolic shifts in commensal microbes. However, the host mediators involved in this process and their effects on bacteria remain poorly elucidated. Here, using a flagellin injection model to induce immune activation, we identified unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (uLCFAs) as broad modulators that are released into the gut lumen and alter bacterial gene expression. Luminal release of uLCFAs is partially mediated by host phospholipases, including PLA2G5. In response to uLCFAs, commensals such as Blautia trigger the expression of ohyA, encoding oleate hydratase, which converts toxic uLCFAs to non-toxic hydroxy fatty acids with immunomodulatory properties. Remarkably, oral administration of uLCFAs to mice replicates many of the bacterial transcriptional changes induced by flagellin. This molecular loop underscores the sophisticated interactions between host and microbiota and sheds light on how immune responses affect gut commensal functions.
期刊介绍:
Cell Host & Microbe is a scientific journal that was launched in March 2007. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists to exchange ideas and concepts related to the study of microbes and their interaction with host organisms at a molecular, cellular, and immune level. It publishes novel findings on a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The journal focuses on the interface between the microbe and its host, whether the host is a vertebrate, invertebrate, or plant, and whether the microbe is pathogenic, non-pathogenic, or commensal. The integrated study of microbes and their interactions with each other, their host, and the cellular environment they inhabit is a unifying theme of the journal. The published work in Cell Host & Microbe is expected to be of exceptional significance within its field and also of interest to researchers in other areas. In addition to primary research articles, the journal features expert analysis, commentary, and reviews on current topics of interest in the field.