João Serra, José C Mateus, Susana Cardoso, João Ventura, Paulo Aguiar, Diana C Leitao
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Stress-actuated Partially Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for Activity Recording in 3D Neuronal Cultures
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are instrumental in monitoring electrogenic cell populations, such as neuronal cultures, allowing high precision measurements of electrical activity. Although three-dimensional neuronal cultures replicate the behavior of in vivo systems better than two-dimensional models, conventional planar MEAs are not well suited to capture activity within such networks. Novel MEA geometries can overcome this difficulty, but often at the cost of increased fabrication complexity. Here, we used the stress mismatch between thin film layers to fabricate MEAs with vertical electrodes, using methods compatible with established microfabrication protocols. A micrometric SiO2 hinge enables control over the bending angle of flexible polyimide structures with embedded electrodes. The performance of the patterned electrodes was assessed before and after stress actuation, through impedance measurements, voltage noise mapping, and neuronal activity recordings. 3D MEAs with 30 × 30 μm2 electrodes showed an impedance of 0.96 ± 0.07 MΩ per electrode and detected neuronal activity spikes with amplitudes as high as 400 μV. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed methods to provide a scalable approach to fabricate 3D MEAs, enabling enhanced recording capabilities for in vitro neuronal cultures.
期刊介绍:
Lab on a Chip is the premiere journal that publishes cutting-edge research in the field of miniaturization. By their very nature, microfluidic/nanofluidic/miniaturized systems are at the intersection of disciplines, spanning fundamental research to high-end application, which is reflected by the broad readership of the journal. Lab on a Chip publishes two types of papers on original research: full-length research papers and communications. Papers should demonstrate innovations, which can come from technical advancements or applications addressing pressing needs in globally important areas. The journal also publishes Comments, Reviews, and Perspectives.