The promising path of Oral MOFs: Redefining strategies for gastrointestinal detoxification

Poisoning from oral toxin exposure remains a pressing global health issue, with current detoxification strategies often limited by poor efficacy and specificity. This review highlights recent advances in gastrointestinal detoxification, emphasizing the emergence of oral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as next-generation therapeutic agents. We first examine the physiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract relevant to MOF functionality. Then, we discuss the mechanisms by which oral MOFs achieve selective toxin adsorption and clearance, leveraging their high surface area, structural tunability, and binding specificity. The synergistic interactions between MOFs and gut microbiota are explored, particularly their potential to enhance detoxification and restore intestinal homeostasis. Additionally, we introduce the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding MOF design, enabling predictive modeling of in vivo performance. Together, these insights showcase oral MOFs as a transformative platform for safe, targeted, and intelligent detoxification, paving the way for future clinical and emergency applications.