Evaluation of SYNTAX 2 Score and Visceral Adiposity Index in Patients Undergoing Isolated On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Aim: We aim to investigate the relationship between the synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) scoring system created with coronary angiographic and clinical parameters and the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), which includes anthropometric parameters and blood lipid values and is to evaluate their predictive power complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: This prospective observational clinical study was conducted between 15 August 2023 to 1 December 2023. A total of 173 patients who underwent isolated CABG were included. SYNTAX 2 scores, VAI results, and complications occurring in the postoperative period were recorded. All patients were divided into two separate groups, low and high, according to the median value of the SYNTAX 2 score and VAI. Postoperative complications were compared between groups, and correlation and predictive analyses were performed.

Results: Intra-Aortic balloon pump (IABP) use and low cardiac output were more frequent in the group with a high SYNTAX 2 score. However, this difference was significant for IABP use but not for low cardiac output (LCO) (p = 0.011 and p = 0.109). A positive correlation was observed between VAI and intensive care unit stay and postoperative respiratory complications (p = 0.018 and p = 0.035). There was no statistically significant correlation between SYNTAX 2 score and VAI value (p = 0.540). In Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, it was determined that VAI could predict respiratory complications and SYNTAX 2 score could predict IABP requirement [area under the curve (AUC): 0.639, 95% CI: 0.531-0.746, p = 0.036 and, AUC: 0.799, 95% CI: 0.678-0.920, p = 0.001].

Conclusions: In our study, no correlation was found between SYNTAX 2 score and VAI. However, we found that high VAI can predict postoperative respiratory complications and that a high SYNTAX 2 score is associated with postoperative IABP requirement. These parameters can be taken into account in risk assessments.