Hong Li, Amirhossein Rasooli, Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto, Mark Mikkelsen, Dante Mantini, Stefan Sunaert, Sima Chalavi, Stephan P. Swinnen
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In two brain areas involved in sensory processing, that is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial temporal visual area (MT/V5), concentrations of GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (Glu + glutamine) were determined by acquiring magnetic resonance spectroscopy at three time points on Day 1 and Day 5: baseline (Pre-Scan), during (Mid-Scan) and after (Post-Scan) task training. Behaviourally, performance progress was more pronounced on Day 1 compared to Day 5. Neurochemically, there was a significant difference in the modulation of neurometabolites between the S1 and MT/V5 regions, specifically in Glx levels on Day 1. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the modulation of neurometabolites between Day 1 and Day 5, specifically in GABA+ levels in the S1 area and Glx levels in the MT/V5 area. Furthermore, a greater increase in individual S1 Glx levels on Day 5 correlated with larger behavioural progress. Our findings suggest that neurometabolites in task-related sensory processing brain areas show a differential modulation and contribute to long-term retention of visuomotor learning.\n\n <figure>\n <div><picture>\n <source></source></picture><p></p>\n </div>\n </figure>\n </div>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Key points</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>GABA and glutamate play crucial roles in motor learning, yet how these neurometabolites are modulated within specific sensory processing brain regions based on the type of feedback provided during different phases of motor learning remains unclear.</li>\n \n <li>We used a repeated measures magnetic resonance spectroscopy design to measure the concentration of neurometabolites in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial temporal visual area (MT/V5) before, during and after motor training, focusing on the initial and late learning phases.</li>\n \n <li>In the initial learning phase, Glx (glutamate + glutamine) modulation differed between S1 and MT/V5. Furthermore, in S1, GABA modulation differed between the initial and late phases, and, in MT/V5, Glx modulation also varied between these phases. A greater increase in individual S1 Glx levels on Day 5 correlated with larger behavioural progress.</li>\n \n <li>These findings suggest that distinct biological changes occur in task-related sensory processing areas across different phases of motor learning.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-London","volume":"603 19","pages":"5681-5700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Modulation of neurometabolites in sensory processing brain areas during motor learning\",\"authors\":\"Hong Li, Amirhossein Rasooli, Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto, Mark Mikkelsen, Dante Mantini, Stefan Sunaert, Sima Chalavi, Stephan P. Swinnen\",\"doi\":\"10.1113/JP287349\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n \\n <div>GABA and glutamate (Glu) play pivotal roles in learning. Here, we investigated whether neurometabolites in specific sensory processing brain areas were differentially modulated depending on the type of feedback provided during motor learning and whether this was associated with behavioural progress. Fifty healthy human adults were trained on a bimanual tracking task for 5 days (Day 1 to Day 5) when receiving either concurrent (CA-VFB) or terminal (TA-VFB) augmented visual feedback. In two brain areas involved in sensory processing, that is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial temporal visual area (MT/V5), concentrations of GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (Glu + glutamine) were determined by acquiring magnetic resonance spectroscopy at three time points on Day 1 and Day 5: baseline (Pre-Scan), during (Mid-Scan) and after (Post-Scan) task training. Behaviourally, performance progress was more pronounced on Day 1 compared to Day 5. Neurochemically, there was a significant difference in the modulation of neurometabolites between the S1 and MT/V5 regions, specifically in Glx levels on Day 1. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the modulation of neurometabolites between Day 1 and Day 5, specifically in GABA+ levels in the S1 area and Glx levels in the MT/V5 area. Furthermore, a greater increase in individual S1 Glx levels on Day 5 correlated with larger behavioural progress. Our findings suggest that neurometabolites in task-related sensory processing brain areas show a differential modulation and contribute to long-term retention of visuomotor learning.\\n\\n <figure>\\n <div><picture>\\n <source></source></picture><p></p>\\n </div>\\n </figure>\\n </div>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Key points</h3>\\n \\n <div>\\n <ul>\\n \\n <li>GABA and glutamate play crucial roles in motor learning, yet how these neurometabolites are modulated within specific sensory processing brain regions based on the type of feedback provided during different phases of motor learning remains unclear.</li>\\n \\n <li>We used a repeated measures magnetic resonance spectroscopy design to measure the concentration of neurometabolites in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial temporal visual area (MT/V5) before, during and after motor training, focusing on the initial and late learning phases.</li>\\n \\n <li>In the initial learning phase, Glx (glutamate + glutamine) modulation differed between S1 and MT/V5. 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Modulation of neurometabolites in sensory processing brain areas during motor learning
GABA and glutamate (Glu) play pivotal roles in learning. Here, we investigated whether neurometabolites in specific sensory processing brain areas were differentially modulated depending on the type of feedback provided during motor learning and whether this was associated with behavioural progress. Fifty healthy human adults were trained on a bimanual tracking task for 5 days (Day 1 to Day 5) when receiving either concurrent (CA-VFB) or terminal (TA-VFB) augmented visual feedback. In two brain areas involved in sensory processing, that is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial temporal visual area (MT/V5), concentrations of GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (Glu + glutamine) were determined by acquiring magnetic resonance spectroscopy at three time points on Day 1 and Day 5: baseline (Pre-Scan), during (Mid-Scan) and after (Post-Scan) task training. Behaviourally, performance progress was more pronounced on Day 1 compared to Day 5. Neurochemically, there was a significant difference in the modulation of neurometabolites between the S1 and MT/V5 regions, specifically in Glx levels on Day 1. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the modulation of neurometabolites between Day 1 and Day 5, specifically in GABA+ levels in the S1 area and Glx levels in the MT/V5 area. Furthermore, a greater increase in individual S1 Glx levels on Day 5 correlated with larger behavioural progress. Our findings suggest that neurometabolites in task-related sensory processing brain areas show a differential modulation and contribute to long-term retention of visuomotor learning.
Key points
GABA and glutamate play crucial roles in motor learning, yet how these neurometabolites are modulated within specific sensory processing brain regions based on the type of feedback provided during different phases of motor learning remains unclear.
We used a repeated measures magnetic resonance spectroscopy design to measure the concentration of neurometabolites in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and medial temporal visual area (MT/V5) before, during and after motor training, focusing on the initial and late learning phases.
In the initial learning phase, Glx (glutamate + glutamine) modulation differed between S1 and MT/V5. Furthermore, in S1, GABA modulation differed between the initial and late phases, and, in MT/V5, Glx modulation also varied between these phases. A greater increase in individual S1 Glx levels on Day 5 correlated with larger behavioural progress.
These findings suggest that distinct biological changes occur in task-related sensory processing areas across different phases of motor learning.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Physiology publishes full-length original Research Papers and Techniques for Physiology, which are short papers aimed at disseminating new techniques for physiological research. Articles solicited by the Editorial Board include Perspectives, Symposium Reports and Topical Reviews, which highlight areas of special physiological interest. CrossTalk articles are short editorial-style invited articles framing a debate between experts in the field on controversial topics. Letters to the Editor and Journal Club articles are also published. All categories of papers are subjected to peer reivew.
The Journal of Physiology welcomes submitted research papers in all areas of physiology. Authors should present original work that illustrates new physiological principles or mechanisms. Papers on work at the molecular level, at the level of the cell membrane, single cells, tissues or organs and on systems physiology are all acceptable. Theoretical papers and papers that use computational models to further our understanding of physiological processes will be considered if based on experimentally derived data and if the hypothesis advanced is directly amenable to experimental testing. While emphasis is on human and mammalian physiology, work on lower vertebrate or invertebrate preparations may be suitable if it furthers the understanding of the functioning of other organisms including mammals.
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