Why are the Relatively Deprived Reluctant to Improve Themselves? The Crucial Role of Perceived Upward Economic Mobility.

A large number of studies found that relative deprivation leads to destructive behaviors. However, the effects of relative deprivation on behaviors typically deemed constructive, such as self-improvement, remain uncertain. In four studies, the current research provides robust evidence for the negative effect of relative deprivation (X) on self-improvement (Y) and the mediating role of perceived upward economic mobility (M). Specifically, Study 1 (n = 220) preliminarily provided correlational evidence for the above mediation model with well-established measurements. Study 2a (n = 260) and Study 2b (n = 130) applied double randomization designs to manipulate relative deprivation and perceived upward economic mobility separately and showed that direct causal links of each path (X → M, X → Y, and M → Y) existed. Study 3 (n = 780) applied blockage manipulation and showed that intervening in perceived upward economic mobility is a potential cure for relative deprivation. The theoretical and practical implications of the results in the current study as well as future research directions are discussed.