Clinical observation of combined transarterial chemoembolization and targeted therapy in postoperative recurrent colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastasis remains a significant therapeutic challenge, particularly in cases of postoperative recurrence. While transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and targeted therapies have shown promise individually, the efficacy combining these for treating postoperative recurrent CRC with liver metastasis requires further investigation.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with targeted therapies for postoperative recurrent CRC with liver metastasis.

Methods: This observational study enrolled 75 patients with postoperative recurrent CRC accompanied by liver metastasis between January 2020 and December 2023. All patients received combined treatment with TACE and targeted therapy: Bevacizumab (40 patients, 53.3%), cetuximab (25 patients, 33.3%), or panitumumab (10 patients, 13.3%). Treatment response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria, with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival as the primary endpoints. Quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire at baseline and after six months of treatment.

Results: The median OS was 28 months (95% confidence interval: 24-32 months), and the median progression-free survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval: 10-14 months). Patients treated with bevacizumab showed significantly better survival outcomes than those treated with cetuximab/panitumumab (median OS, 30 vs 24 months, P = 0.015). The overall response rate was 58.7%, with a disease control rate of 86.7%. Quality of life scores improved significantly across all domains, with greater improvements observed in the bevacizumab group. Treatment-related adverse events were manageable, with grade 3-4 events occurring in 13.3% of the patients and no treatment-related mortality.

Conclusion: The combination of TACE with targeted therapy, particularly bevacizumab, has demonstrated promising efficacy and acceptable safety for the treatment of postoperative recurrent CRC with liver metastasis. This multimodal approach not only improved survival outcomes but also enhanced the patients' quality of life, suggesting its potential as a valuable treatment strategy for this challenging condition.