Anti-Windup Adaptive PID Control for Trajectory Tracking in Input-Constrained Power Converters

This letter presents a novel anti-windup adaptive PID controller for trajectory tracking in input-constrained DC-DC buck converters supplying resistive and current loads under parametric uncertainty. The proposed control scheme extends the classical PID architecture by incorporating nonlinear integral action, an adaptive law for online parameter estimation, and a back-calculation-based anti-windup mechanism to address actuator saturation. A Lyapunov-based design framework is employed to establish global asymptotic stability, even in the presence of time-varying references and saturation constraints. Notably, anti-windup strategies grounded in Lyapunov theory for time-varying nonlinear systems are seldom available, making this contribution a significant advancement. Experimental validation on a laboratory buck converter confirms improved tracking accuracy and transient performance compared to conventional PID control, particularly under aggressive parameter variations and saturation-induced nonlinearities.