Yu Suo , Xianhang Wei , Wei Cao , ZheJun Pan , Bing Hou , Bin Huang , Yuwei Li
{"title":"页岩i型断裂韧性试验中试样结构及层理面效应研究进展","authors":"Yu Suo , Xianhang Wei , Wei Cao , ZheJun Pan , Bing Hou , Bin Huang , Yuwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111532","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fracture toughness (<span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) is a critical mechanical parameter for evaluating rock resistance to cracking and holds significant theoretical value for shale gas reservoir fracturing design and engineering stability assessment. To address key challenges in Mode-I fracture toughness testing of shale, this study consolidates International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards with 118 recent global research findings to review five major specimen configurations (circular beam, short rod, disc, semi-circular disc, and transverse beam), analyzing their geometric design principles, <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> calculation frameworks, and bedding plane sensitivity characteristics. Research demonstrates: Chevron-Notched Circular Beams (CB) reduce pre-cracking errors but underestimate load by 18–22%; Straight-Notched Beams (SNB) show 30% <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> variation at > 45° bedding angles. Short Rods (SR) exhibit 25% scatter at 30°. Disc specimens reveal: Cracked Chevron Notched Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) needs 3D stress correction; Cracked Straight Through Brazilian Disc (CSTBD) limits scatter to ≤ 8% despite < 30% machining success; Hollow Center Cracked Disc (HCCD) optimizes crack paths; Hollow Double Wing Crack (HDWC) shows 60% <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increase at 80 MPa with 10–15% error. Semi-circular Discs demonstrate 35% deviation in Notched Semi Circular Bend (NSCB) versus ≤ 10% in Cracked Chevron Notched Semi-Circular Bend (CCNSCB). Transverse Beams show Notched Deep Beam (NDB) overestimates <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> by 12–18%, while Chevron-Notched Deep Beam (CNDB) reduces variability by 15–20%. This research establishes fundamental theories and practical methodologies for precise fracture parameter measurement in shale fracturing, promotes the evolution of global testing standards, and facilitates the transition of rock fracture mechanics from laboratory research to field engineering implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 111532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Review on specimen structure and bedding plane effects in mode-I fracture toughness testing of shale\",\"authors\":\"Yu Suo , Xianhang Wei , Wei Cao , ZheJun Pan , Bing Hou , Bin Huang , Yuwei Li\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111532\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Fracture toughness (<span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) is a critical mechanical parameter for evaluating rock resistance to cracking and holds significant theoretical value for shale gas reservoir fracturing design and engineering stability assessment. To address key challenges in Mode-I fracture toughness testing of shale, this study consolidates International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards with 118 recent global research findings to review five major specimen configurations (circular beam, short rod, disc, semi-circular disc, and transverse beam), analyzing their geometric design principles, <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> calculation frameworks, and bedding plane sensitivity characteristics. Research demonstrates: Chevron-Notched Circular Beams (CB) reduce pre-cracking errors but underestimate load by 18–22%; Straight-Notched Beams (SNB) show 30% <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> variation at > 45° bedding angles. Short Rods (SR) exhibit 25% scatter at 30°. Disc specimens reveal: Cracked Chevron Notched Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) needs 3D stress correction; Cracked Straight Through Brazilian Disc (CSTBD) limits scatter to ≤ 8% despite < 30% machining success; Hollow Center Cracked Disc (HCCD) optimizes crack paths; Hollow Double Wing Crack (HDWC) shows 60% <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increase at 80 MPa with 10–15% error. Semi-circular Discs demonstrate 35% deviation in Notched Semi Circular Bend (NSCB) versus ≤ 10% in Cracked Chevron Notched Semi-Circular Bend (CCNSCB). Transverse Beams show Notched Deep Beam (NDB) overestimates <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> by 12–18%, while Chevron-Notched Deep Beam (CNDB) reduces variability by 15–20%. 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Review on specimen structure and bedding plane effects in mode-I fracture toughness testing of shale
Fracture toughness () is a critical mechanical parameter for evaluating rock resistance to cracking and holds significant theoretical value for shale gas reservoir fracturing design and engineering stability assessment. To address key challenges in Mode-I fracture toughness testing of shale, this study consolidates International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards with 118 recent global research findings to review five major specimen configurations (circular beam, short rod, disc, semi-circular disc, and transverse beam), analyzing their geometric design principles, calculation frameworks, and bedding plane sensitivity characteristics. Research demonstrates: Chevron-Notched Circular Beams (CB) reduce pre-cracking errors but underestimate load by 18–22%; Straight-Notched Beams (SNB) show 30% variation at > 45° bedding angles. Short Rods (SR) exhibit 25% scatter at 30°. Disc specimens reveal: Cracked Chevron Notched Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) needs 3D stress correction; Cracked Straight Through Brazilian Disc (CSTBD) limits scatter to ≤ 8% despite < 30% machining success; Hollow Center Cracked Disc (HCCD) optimizes crack paths; Hollow Double Wing Crack (HDWC) shows 60% increase at 80 MPa with 10–15% error. Semi-circular Discs demonstrate 35% deviation in Notched Semi Circular Bend (NSCB) versus ≤ 10% in Cracked Chevron Notched Semi-Circular Bend (CCNSCB). Transverse Beams show Notched Deep Beam (NDB) overestimates by 12–18%, while Chevron-Notched Deep Beam (CNDB) reduces variability by 15–20%. This research establishes fundamental theories and practical methodologies for precise fracture parameter measurement in shale fracturing, promotes the evolution of global testing standards, and facilitates the transition of rock fracture mechanics from laboratory research to field engineering implementation.
期刊介绍:
EFM covers a broad range of topics in fracture mechanics to be of interest and use to both researchers and practitioners. Contributions are welcome which address the fracture behavior of conventional engineering material systems as well as newly emerging material systems. Contributions on developments in the areas of mechanics and materials science strongly related to fracture mechanics are also welcome. Papers on fatigue are welcome if they treat the fatigue process using the methods of fracture mechanics.