Neighborhood with benefits? Consequences of the urban-rural knowledge transfer in the perspective of interactions between newcomers and oldtimers

This study explores the consequences of knowledge transfer between urban newcomers and long-term rural residents (“oldtimers”) through their interactions in peripheral rural villages in Poland. Employing qualitative methods—including in-depth interviews conducted in 18 villages experiencing either seasonal or permanent migration—the research addresses a gap regarding the socio-economic and cultural implications of these migration types on rural communities. The originality of the study lies in the comparative analysis of knowledge transfer dynamics across diverse migration contexts. Findings reveal that, despite differing migration modalities, participants perceive similar effects of knowledge exchange, notably improvements in local economic activities, employment opportunities, and demand for local products. Socio-cultural outcomes include enhanced mutual understanding and community cohesion, alongside occasional cultural tensions. The study underscores the central role of reciprocal knowledge sharing in supporting rural development and resilience, while highlighting challenges related to engagement and integration. These findings advance the understanding of rural–urban interaction dynamics and their potential to enhance rural resilience and sustainability.