Doped Zinc Oxide-Based Piezoelectric Devices for Energy Harvesting and Sensing

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile semiconducting material with excellent piezoelectric properties, making it highly suitable for energy harvesting and sensing applications. The doping of ZnO with various elements has been recognized as an effective strategy to enhance its electrical and mechanical properties. This review article focuses on the advancements in piezoelectric energy harvesters and sensors utilizing doped ZnO. It delves into the role of various dopants in enhancing ZnO's piezoelectric properties, crucial for developing high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators and sensors. The article comprehensively examines material properties, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and the implications of doping on ZnO's structural and functional aspects. It highlights significant research findings, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and suggests future research directions to further optimize doped ZnO materials for energy harvesting and sensing applications, reflecting on the growing interest and potential of doped ZnO in the field.