聚焦非贵金属催化:通过C─H/C─X活化解锁酰胺环化的最新前沿

IF 2.7 4区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC
Prakash K. Mandal, Md Tanjul Hoque, Dr. Anindya S. Manna, Dr. Ramlal Baidya, Dr. Rajesh Nandi, Dr. Subhasis Pal, Dr. Nilay Karchaudhuri, Dr. Dilip K. Maiti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非贵金属催化酰胺分子通过近端C─H/C─X (X =卤素,O, S, N, C等)的环化已经成为当代合成化学的一种变革性方法,使各种杂环框架的有效构建成为可能。这种可持续的策略解决了贵金属催化的局限性,通过在这些方法中利用地球上丰富的金属,如Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu,利用其固有的定向能力,利用其激活各种酰胺惰性键的催化潜力,提供了经济高效且环保的替代品。通过巧妙地结合各种亲电或亲核偶联伙伴,非金属催化通过一锅原子经济活化-环化级联途径获得具有药用活性的杂环化合物,主要是异喹诺酮类、吲哚类、吲哚类、异喹啉类等螺/融合n杂环化合物。此外,机制研究也进行了详细的讨论,以了解非贵金属催化酰胺环化通过金属配位、惰性键激活、键裂解、插入或迁移插入以及最终通过还原消除的环化途径对药物活性n-杂环支架的见解。这使得这篇评论对上述领域内外的读者更有价值和有用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Non-Noble Metal Catalysis in Focus: Unlocking Latest Emergent Frontiers in Amide Annulation Through C─H/C─X Activation

Non-Noble Metal Catalysis in Focus: Unlocking Latest Emergent Frontiers in Amide Annulation Through C─H/C─X Activation

Non-Noble Metal Catalysis in Focus: Unlocking Latest Emergent Frontiers in Amide Annulation Through C─H/C─X Activation

Non-Noble Metal Catalysis in Focus: Unlocking Latest Emergent Frontiers in Amide Annulation Through C─H/C─X Activation

Non-Noble Metal Catalysis in Focus: Unlocking Latest Emergent Frontiers in Amide Annulation Through C─H/C─X Activation

The non-noble metal-catalyzed annulation of amide molecules through the proximal C─H/C─X (X = halogens, O, S, N, C etc.) has emerged as a transformative approach in contemporary synthetic chemistry, enabling the efficient construction of diverse heterocyclic frameworks. This sustainable strategies address the limitations of noble metal catalysis, offering cost-effective and environmentally benign alternatives through utilizing earth-abundant metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in those methods by harnessing their catalytic potential for activating inert bonds in diverse amides leveraging the inherent directing ability. By incorporating various electrophilic or nucleophilic coupling partners wisely, nonmetal catalysis has provided access toward pharmaceutically active heterocyclic ingredients, mainly spiro-/fused-N-heterocycles like isoquinolones, indolones, indoles, isoquinolines etc. through one-pot atom-economical activation-annulation cascade routes. Additionally, mechanistic studies have discussed in detail to understand the insights of non-noble metal catalyzed amide cyclization toward pharmaceutically active N-heterocyclic scaffolds properly through the individual steps engaged, namely, metal coordination, inert bond activation, bond cleavage, insertion or migratory insertion and eventually cyclization pathway via reductive elimination, which enables this review more valuable and useful to the readers of the aforementioned field and beyond.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
372
期刊介绍: Organic chemistry is the fundamental science that stands at the heart of chemistry, biology, and materials science. Research in these areas is vigorous and truly international, with three major regions making almost equal contributions: America, Europe and Asia. Asia now has its own top international organic chemistry journal—the Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry (AsianJOC) The AsianJOC is designed to be a top-ranked international research journal and publishes primary research as well as critical secondary information from authors across the world. The journal covers organic chemistry in its entirety. Authors and readers come from academia, the chemical industry, and government laboratories.
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