Human vibration comfort analysis for a train entering a tunnel

With the rapid advancement of high-speed railway networks, trains increasingly transition between open lines and tunnels at high speeds. These sudden entries into confined tunnel spaces induce sharp changes in aerodynamic loads, directly affecting passenger comfort. To investigate passenger vibration comfort during high-speed train tunnel entries, this paper proposes an integrated approach combining a train/tunnel aerodynamic model with a train-track-seat-human body coupling model. Among them, the train-track-seat-human coupling model is constructed using multi-rigid-body model, and the accuracy of both models is verified through a vibration test bench, full-scale vehicle experiments, and moving model tests. Based on the two established models, the vibration responses of the car body and the human body under different train/tunnel blockage ratios and operating speeds are obtained. Additionally, the flow field characteristics during high-speed train tunnel entry are studied in detail, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent research on resonance effects between the car body and the human body. The vibration comfort of the human body at different carriage positions is evaluated according to the ISO 2631 standard when the train enters single- and double-track tunnels. The above analysis is crucial for the forward design of passenger ride comfort during high-speed train tunnel entry.