Nanotechnology in bioanalysis: Current trends and applications

Nanotechnology has evolved into an interdisciplinary trend spanning nearly all scientific domains and has had a profound impact on the global community over the last decade. On the surface, miniaturisation offers mechanical, chemical, and biological components that operate more quickly and affordably. Through the development of new nanoparticles (NPs), nanodevices, nanosensors, and nanosorbents for analytical procedures, the inclusion of nanotechnology has additionally had an impact on bioanalytical sciences. In recent years, numerous studies have been done on the integration of nanomaterials and their analysis in various biological samples. Given the scope of the NPs integrated bioanalysis, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of multiple types of extraction techniques, sample preparation, and nanomaterials like magnetic NPs, carbon-based NPs, molecularly implanted polymers (MIPs) used in the determination of different drugs in biological specimens, and also to critically evaluate the tools used to examine Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), such as Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI (CoGAPI), Click Analytical Chemistry Index (CACI).