Comparing Life’s Simple 7 and Life’s Essential 8 With Risk of Heart Failure

Background

Better cardiovascular health (CVH) lowers risk of heart failure (HF). CVH can be quantified using Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), a score consisting of 8 health factors and behaviors.

Objectives

The authors assessed the association between LE8 and risk for HF, and compared LE8 with its predecessor, Life’s Simple 7 (LS7).

Methods

We included 37,803 participants from the EPIC-NL (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands) cohort. The LE8 score ranged from 0 to 100 and was categorized into low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high (80-100) CVH. CVH classification was compared between LS7 and LE8 scoring. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess LE8 score with risk of HF, and CVH reclassification from LS7 to LE8.

Results

Participants were predominantly female (74%), with a median age of 52 years (Q1-Q3: 42-58). Compared to low CVH (4%), those with high CVH (21%) had an 82% lower risk of developing HF (HR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.12-0.26). CVH classification differed substantially between LE8 and LS7, with 75% vs 36% having moderate CVH, respectively, which could be attributed to an upward shift (90%) of participants from LS7 low CVH to LE8 moderate CVH. A graded, nonlinear association with risk for HF was observed for LE8, especially for moderate CVH scores.

Conclusions

LS7 and LE8 differ in scoring and CVH classification. While a strong inverse association exists between LE8 score classification and HF risk, the association is graded over the whole LE8 range, suggesting that nuances may be overlooked when using the proposed CVH classification for exploring HF risk.