Flexible and eco-friendly piezoelectric nanogenerator based on PVDF-HFP: CBT: Ag fibers for self-powered sensing applications

In this study, we developed an eco-friendly and adaptable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) using a composite material composed of copper-doped barium titanate (CBT) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, combined with poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful incorporation of CBT-Ag into the polymer matrix, and FTIR results showed an enhancement of the β-phase in the nanocomposite film. FESEM imaging demonstrated consistent dispersion of the nanofillers and a smooth, defect-free nanofiber structure. Tensile and thermal studies demonstrated the composite film's good elongation and heat-resistance properties. The constructed PENG devices were subjected to mechanical stimulation using an electrometer. Nanocomposite films containing 5 wt% CBT-Ag exhibited superior piezoelectric performance, producing an open-circuit voltage of 6.5 V and a current of 1.1 µA. This study proposes a feasible platform to eliminate the need for an external power source in the operation of portable devices. Consequently, the developed PENG exhibits significant potential and can act as an effective alternative to conventional power sources in self-sustaining devices, thereby ensuring its durability and adaptability.