Multiple selenide modified carbon fibers to construct heterogeneous interfaces for electromagnetic wave absorption

Multi-component interface engineering offers significant potential for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, yet precise interfacial modulation remains challenging. Here, we tailor EMW absorption in MOF-derived core-shell heterostructures via experimental synthesis and Density Functional Theory (DFT)-guided interface design. Three selenide composites were fabricated through electrospinning, hydrothermal processing, and thermal reduction. By incorporating NiCo conductive networks and carbon nanofiber electron highways, hierarchical interfaces were engineered. DFT simulations quantitatively validate enhanced interface-induced polarization relaxation at ZnSe/CoSe₂ junctions. As a result, the ZnSe/CoSe₂/Ni@NiCo-hc composite, with abundant heterogeneous interfaces, exhibited exceptional EMW absorption performance at a low filler loading of 7 wt%. At an optimized matching thickness of 1.8 mm, a minimum reflection loss of −57.28 dB was achieved. Outstanding absorption performance tunable across a broad frequency range. In addition, the radar cross section (RCS) simulation demonstrated that the three selenide composites possessed excellent electromagnetic stealth capabilities. This work presents an effective strategy for designing high-performance EMW absorbers through rational heterointerface engineering.