Dietary interventions on nutritional management of population with urolithiasis: a systematic review of clinical evidence.

Urolithiasis (UL) is a multifactorial condition whose global prevalence has been increasing in recent years, and it is closely associated with dietary factors. Diet is one of the key elements linked to the development of UL due to the intake of many nutrients that cause metabolic alterations associated with the crystallisation process and the risk of developing urinary stones. Despite the crucial role of diet, few studies have implemented dietary interventions. In this sense, dietary modifications play a fundamental role in the prevention, control and management of UL. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to summarise the main beneficial effects of dietary interventions in populations with UL. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Scielo and Redalyc databases for intervention studies published up to July 2025 that reported dietary interventions aimed at preventing and controlling UL. The risk of bias and quality of studies were assessed. A total of twenty-six articles were included, focusing on dietary interventions such as controlling sodium, oxalate, calcium, citrate and protein intake, as well as low-calorie diets. In addition, foods such as lemon, orange, melon, lime, cranberry, apple juices, milk, vinegar, black seed, green bean extract, probiotics and synbiotic were also explored, which promoted significant changes in serum and urinary parameters related to UL. This review compiles evidence on dietary intervention strategies that lead to significant improvements in biochemical parameters in populations with UL (PROSPERO CRD42022361702).