Prognostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation index and pan-immune-inflammation value in acute methanol poisoning.

Background/aim: Acute methanol poisoning (MP) poses a significant public health challenge, with inflammation increasingly recognized as a key factor in its pathophysiology. Identifying accessible and reliable prognostic biomarkers could help enhance clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), measured upon emergency department admission, in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute MP.

Material and methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with acute MP at two tertiary care centers in Ankara, Türkiye: University of Health Sciences Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital (1 January 2015 to 1 October 2022) and Etlik City Hospital (1 October 2022 to 11 March 2025). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, along with treatment details and outcomes (discharge or inhospital death), were systematically recorded.

Results: A total of 76 patients were included, of whom 92.1% were male, with a mean age of 49.0 ± 12.4 years. During hospitalization, 48.6% (n = 37) died. Both SII and PIV values at admission were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.001 for SII; p = 0.031 for PIV). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher SII (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.05-5.67; p = 0.034) and PIV (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.05-4.13; p = 0.030) were independently associated with increased risk of mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an AUC of 0.750 (95% CI: 0.649-0.865) for SII, with an optimal cutoff of 665.6 (sensitivity: 50%; specificity: 46%), and an AUC of 0.640 (95% CI: 0.519-0.769) for PIV, with an optimal cutoff of 512.5 (sensitivity: 53%; specificity: 47%).

Conclusion: SII and PIV measured at hospital admission may have potential prognostic value in predicting inhospital mortality in patients with acute MP.