{"title":"α -亚麻酸（Omega-3脂肪酸）对烟草使用者烟草渴求强度、戒断症状和生化指标的影响","authors":"Anjali Singh, Narsingh Verma, Surya Kant, Ajay Kumar Verma, Adarsh Tripathi, Kshitij Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01226-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco use causes serious public health concerns and causes many health problems like (asthma, COPD, stroke, cancer, etc.). While a number of pharmacological treatments are used to reduce tobacco use, they often have adverse effects. Fewer studies have assessed non-pharmacological treatments {Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or fish oil} to reduce tobacco use. Omega-3 fatty acids, already known for their benefits in reducing bad cholesterol, managing diabetes, and helping with fatty liver, are now being studied for their potential impact on smoking habits. We aimed to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation (flaxseed oil as a vegetarian source of alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) on tobacco craving intensity, withdrawal symptoms, and various biochemical markers in tobacco users. This single-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 104 tobacco users divided into two groups: omega-3 (n = 54) receiving 10 ml flaxseed oil daily for 6 months and placebo (n = 50). We measured tobacco craving intensity {Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)}, withdrawal symptoms {Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS)}, demographic parameters (BMI, WHR, BP, HR), and biochemical parameters (LFT, KFT, Lipid Profile) at baseline and after 6 months. Six-month consumption of edible grade pure flaxseed oil resulted in significant lowering of BMI in omega-3 group when compared to placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Also, omega-3 effectively decreased tobacco craving intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and its withdrawal (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). More intriguingly, LFT panel showed significantly lower levels of bilirubin (D) (<i>p</i> = 0.0216) and SGPT (<i>p</i> = 0.0217). Urea level (<i>p</i> = 0.0489) was significantly decreased while creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were comparatively decreased in omega-3 than placebo group in KFT panel. Eventually in case of lipid profile, triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.0031), LDL (<i>p</i> = 0.0291) and VLDL (<i>p</i> = 0.0055) showed significant reduction in omega-3 group. Omega-3 supplementation with flaxseed oil effectively reduces tobacco craving intensity and withdrawal symptoms, suggesting its potential for aiding tobacco cessation. Additionally, it significantly improved liver and kidney functions as well as lipid profile, highlighting its potential for broader health benefits. <i>Trial registration</i> This study was registered at Clinical Trial Registry-India (http://www.ctri.nic.in) with reference no. CTRI202202040681 and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"563-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12420553/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Effects of Alpha Linolenic Acid (Omega-3 Fatty Acid) on Tobacco Craving Intensity, Withdrawal Symptoms and Biochemical Markers in Tobacco Users.\",\"authors\":\"Anjali Singh, Narsingh Verma, Surya Kant, Ajay Kumar Verma, Adarsh Tripathi, Kshitij Bhardwaj\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12291-024-01226-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Tobacco use causes serious public health concerns and causes many health problems like (asthma, COPD, stroke, cancer, etc.). While a number of pharmacological treatments are used to reduce tobacco use, they often have adverse effects. Fewer studies have assessed non-pharmacological treatments {Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or fish oil} to reduce tobacco use. Omega-3 fatty acids, already known for their benefits in reducing bad cholesterol, managing diabetes, and helping with fatty liver, are now being studied for their potential impact on smoking habits. We aimed to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation (flaxseed oil as a vegetarian source of alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) on tobacco craving intensity, withdrawal symptoms, and various biochemical markers in tobacco users. This single-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 104 tobacco users divided into two groups: omega-3 (n = 54) receiving 10 ml flaxseed oil daily for 6 months and placebo (n = 50). We measured tobacco craving intensity {Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)}, withdrawal symptoms {Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS)}, demographic parameters (BMI, WHR, BP, HR), and biochemical parameters (LFT, KFT, Lipid Profile) at baseline and after 6 months. Six-month consumption of edible grade pure flaxseed oil resulted in significant lowering of BMI in omega-3 group when compared to placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Also, omega-3 effectively decreased tobacco craving intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and its withdrawal (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). More intriguingly, LFT panel showed significantly lower levels of bilirubin (D) (<i>p</i> = 0.0216) and SGPT (<i>p</i> = 0.0217). Urea level (<i>p</i> = 0.0489) was significantly decreased while creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were comparatively decreased in omega-3 than placebo group in KFT panel. Eventually in case of lipid profile, triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.0031), LDL (<i>p</i> = 0.0291) and VLDL (<i>p</i> = 0.0055) showed significant reduction in omega-3 group. Omega-3 supplementation with flaxseed oil effectively reduces tobacco craving intensity and withdrawal symptoms, suggesting its potential for aiding tobacco cessation. Additionally, it significantly improved liver and kidney functions as well as lipid profile, highlighting its potential for broader health benefits. <i>Trial registration</i> This study was registered at Clinical Trial Registry-India (http://www.ctri.nic.in) with reference no. 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The Effects of Alpha Linolenic Acid (Omega-3 Fatty Acid) on Tobacco Craving Intensity, Withdrawal Symptoms and Biochemical Markers in Tobacco Users.
Tobacco use causes serious public health concerns and causes many health problems like (asthma, COPD, stroke, cancer, etc.). While a number of pharmacological treatments are used to reduce tobacco use, they often have adverse effects. Fewer studies have assessed non-pharmacological treatments {Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or fish oil} to reduce tobacco use. Omega-3 fatty acids, already known for their benefits in reducing bad cholesterol, managing diabetes, and helping with fatty liver, are now being studied for their potential impact on smoking habits. We aimed to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation (flaxseed oil as a vegetarian source of alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) on tobacco craving intensity, withdrawal symptoms, and various biochemical markers in tobacco users. This single-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 104 tobacco users divided into two groups: omega-3 (n = 54) receiving 10 ml flaxseed oil daily for 6 months and placebo (n = 50). We measured tobacco craving intensity {Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)}, withdrawal symptoms {Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS)}, demographic parameters (BMI, WHR, BP, HR), and biochemical parameters (LFT, KFT, Lipid Profile) at baseline and after 6 months. Six-month consumption of edible grade pure flaxseed oil resulted in significant lowering of BMI in omega-3 group when compared to placebo group (p = 0.0002). Also, omega-3 effectively decreased tobacco craving intensity (p < 0.0001) and its withdrawal (p < 0.0001). More intriguingly, LFT panel showed significantly lower levels of bilirubin (D) (p = 0.0216) and SGPT (p = 0.0217). Urea level (p = 0.0489) was significantly decreased while creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were comparatively decreased in omega-3 than placebo group in KFT panel. Eventually in case of lipid profile, triglycerides (p = 0.0031), LDL (p = 0.0291) and VLDL (p = 0.0055) showed significant reduction in omega-3 group. Omega-3 supplementation with flaxseed oil effectively reduces tobacco craving intensity and withdrawal symptoms, suggesting its potential for aiding tobacco cessation. Additionally, it significantly improved liver and kidney functions as well as lipid profile, highlighting its potential for broader health benefits. Trial registration This study was registered at Clinical Trial Registry-India (http://www.ctri.nic.in) with reference no. CTRI202202040681 and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles.
期刊介绍：
The primary mission of the journal is to promote improvement in the health and well-being of community through the development and practice of clinical biochemistry and dissemination of knowledge and recent advances in this discipline among professionals, diagnostics industry, government and non-government organizations. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry (IJCB) publishes peer reviewed articles that contribute to the existing knowledge in all fields of Clinical biochemistry, either experimental or theoretical, particularly deal with the applications of biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, biotechnology, and immunology to the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and prevention of human diseases. The articles published also include those covering the analytical and molecular diagnostic techniques, instrumentation, data processing, quality assurance and accreditation aspects of the clinical investigations in which chemistry has played a major role, or laboratory animal studies with biochemical and clinical relevance.
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