Richard H. Clothier , Linda Kandola , Meena Mirchandani , Andrew Ellis , Paul Wood , Zoe Last , Michael Balls , Laurens N. Ruben
{"title":"非洲爪蟾对胸腺非依赖性抗原聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)及其半化衍生物三硝基苯化PVP (TNP-PVP)的反应","authors":"Richard H. Clothier , Linda Kandola , Meena Mirchandani , Andrew Ellis , Paul Wood , Zoe Last , Michael Balls , Laurens N. Ruben","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90074-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Xenopus laevis</em> (the South African clawed toad) can respond to thymus dependent (TD) and thymus independent (TI) antigens. However, the response to trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-Ficoll), a TI-2 antigen in mammals, is thymus dependent in <em>Xenopus</em>. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), classed as a TI antigen in mammals, is also a TI antigen in <em>Xenopus</em>, but responses to PVP and TNP-PVP are thymus regulated. As with TNP-Ficoll, capacity to respond to TNP-PVP diminishes during metamorphosis, and tolerance can be induced via the stimulation of TD suppression with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Animals treated with <em>N</em>-methyl-<em>N</em>-nitrosourea and adult-thymectomised <em>Xenopus</em>, which lack certain TD responses, can nevertheless respond to TNP-PVP. Based on this and other information, it is concluded that TNP-PVP should be classed as a TI-2 antigen in <em>Xenopus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90074-7","citationCount":"4","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Responses in Xenopus to the thymus independent antigen polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its haptenated derivative, trinitrophenylated PVP (TNP-PVP)\",\"authors\":\"Richard H. Clothier , Linda Kandola , Meena Mirchandani , Andrew Ellis , Paul Wood , Zoe Last , Michael Balls , Laurens N. Ruben\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90074-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><em>Xenopus laevis</em> (the South African clawed toad) can respond to thymus dependent (TD) and thymus independent (TI) antigens. However, the response to trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-Ficoll), a TI-2 antigen in mammals, is thymus dependent in <em>Xenopus</em>. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), classed as a TI antigen in mammals, is also a TI antigen in <em>Xenopus</em>, but responses to PVP and TNP-PVP are thymus regulated. As with TNP-Ficoll, capacity to respond to TNP-PVP diminishes during metamorphosis, and tolerance can be induced via the stimulation of TD suppression with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Animals treated with <em>N</em>-methyl-<em>N</em>-nitrosourea and adult-thymectomised <em>Xenopus</em>, which lack certain TD responses, can nevertheless respond to TNP-PVP. Based on this and other information, it is concluded that TNP-PVP should be classed as a TI-2 antigen in <em>Xenopus</em>.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":75684,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cell differentiation\",\"volume\":\"23 3\",\"pages\":\"Pages 213-220\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1988-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90074-7\",\"citationCount\":\"4\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cell differentiation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0045603988900747\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cell differentiation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0045603988900747","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Responses in Xenopus to the thymus independent antigen polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its haptenated derivative, trinitrophenylated PVP (TNP-PVP)
Xenopus laevis (the South African clawed toad) can respond to thymus dependent (TD) and thymus independent (TI) antigens. However, the response to trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-Ficoll), a TI-2 antigen in mammals, is thymus dependent in Xenopus. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), classed as a TI antigen in mammals, is also a TI antigen in Xenopus, but responses to PVP and TNP-PVP are thymus regulated. As with TNP-Ficoll, capacity to respond to TNP-PVP diminishes during metamorphosis, and tolerance can be induced via the stimulation of TD suppression with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Animals treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and adult-thymectomised Xenopus, which lack certain TD responses, can nevertheless respond to TNP-PVP. Based on this and other information, it is concluded that TNP-PVP should be classed as a TI-2 antigen in Xenopus.
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