{"title":"顺皮质过钻危及角度稳定髓内钉结构的扭转稳定性。","authors":"John Hanlon, Sophia Buoniconti, Stanley E Kim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0207","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of over-drilling the distal, cis-cortical drill holes on the angle stability of a veterinary angle-stable intramedullary nail construct (I-Loc).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Partial, angle-stable, intramedullary nail constructs using 6-mm-diameter I-Loc implants and 19-mm-diameter synthetic bone analog were assembled with cis-cortex holes drilled to 3.2 mm and trans-cortex bolt holes drilled to 2.5 mm to match bolt dimensions. Constructs were subjected to nondestructive torsional loading to ± 1 Nm of torque. Constructs were experimentally tested with 0, 0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 mm of cis-cortical over-drilling, and torsional load deformation curves were generated. A mathematical formula was generated to compare theoretical torsional toggle to observed torsional toggle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Angle stability was achieved when cis-cortical drilling matched the interlocking bolt diameter (n = 4). Median torsional toggles of 0.5°, 2.2°, 4.0°, 5.8°, and 6.7° were measured with 0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 mm of cis-cortical over-drilling, respectively. The mathematical formula predicted the measured torsional toggle to within a mean of 0.17°.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uniform and symmetric cis-cortical over-drilling of both distal bolt holes for angle-stable intramedullary nailing compromises construct torsional stability.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Cis-cortical over-drilling, related to inaccurate interlocking bolt hole drilling, may compromise the torsional stability of angle-stable intramedullary nail constructs utilized for long bone fracture repair. The derived mathematic formula may provide insight into expected torsional instability when clinical over-drilling is encountered.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cis-cortical over-drilling compromises torsional stability of angle-stable intramedullary nail constructs.\",\"authors\":\"John Hanlon, Sophia Buoniconti, Stanley E Kim\",\"doi\":\"10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0207\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of over-drilling the distal, cis-cortical drill holes on the angle stability of a veterinary angle-stable intramedullary nail construct (I-Loc).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Partial, angle-stable, intramedullary nail constructs using 6-mm-diameter I-Loc implants and 19-mm-diameter synthetic bone analog were assembled with cis-cortex holes drilled to 3.2 mm and trans-cortex bolt holes drilled to 2.5 mm to match bolt dimensions. Constructs were subjected to nondestructive torsional loading to ± 1 Nm of torque. Constructs were experimentally tested with 0, 0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 mm of cis-cortical over-drilling, and torsional load deformation curves were generated. A mathematical formula was generated to compare theoretical torsional toggle to observed torsional toggle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Angle stability was achieved when cis-cortical drilling matched the interlocking bolt diameter (n = 4). Median torsional toggles of 0.5°, 2.2°, 4.0°, 5.8°, and 6.7° were measured with 0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 mm of cis-cortical over-drilling, respectively. The mathematical formula predicted the measured torsional toggle to within a mean of 0.17°.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uniform and symmetric cis-cortical over-drilling of both distal bolt holes for angle-stable intramedullary nailing compromises construct torsional stability.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Cis-cortical over-drilling, related to inaccurate interlocking bolt hole drilling, may compromise the torsional stability of angle-stable intramedullary nail constructs utilized for long bone fracture repair. The derived mathematic formula may provide insight into expected torsional instability when clinical over-drilling is encountered.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7754,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-7\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0207\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0207","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cis-cortical over-drilling compromises torsional stability of angle-stable intramedullary nail constructs.
Objective: To assess the effect of over-drilling the distal, cis-cortical drill holes on the angle stability of a veterinary angle-stable intramedullary nail construct (I-Loc).
Methods: Partial, angle-stable, intramedullary nail constructs using 6-mm-diameter I-Loc implants and 19-mm-diameter synthetic bone analog were assembled with cis-cortex holes drilled to 3.2 mm and trans-cortex bolt holes drilled to 2.5 mm to match bolt dimensions. Constructs were subjected to nondestructive torsional loading to ± 1 Nm of torque. Constructs were experimentally tested with 0, 0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 mm of cis-cortical over-drilling, and torsional load deformation curves were generated. A mathematical formula was generated to compare theoretical torsional toggle to observed torsional toggle.
Results: Angle stability was achieved when cis-cortical drilling matched the interlocking bolt diameter (n = 4). Median torsional toggles of 0.5°, 2.2°, 4.0°, 5.8°, and 6.7° were measured with 0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 mm of cis-cortical over-drilling, respectively. The mathematical formula predicted the measured torsional toggle to within a mean of 0.17°.
Conclusions: Uniform and symmetric cis-cortical over-drilling of both distal bolt holes for angle-stable intramedullary nailing compromises construct torsional stability.
Clinical relevance: Cis-cortical over-drilling, related to inaccurate interlocking bolt hole drilling, may compromise the torsional stability of angle-stable intramedullary nail constructs utilized for long bone fracture repair. The derived mathematic formula may provide insight into expected torsional instability when clinical over-drilling is encountered.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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