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引用次数: 0
摘要
巴西南巴西格兰德州(里约热内卢Grande do Sul)在2024年发生的洪水,促成了该国历史上对极端天气事件最大规模、最迅速的反应。巴西是分析应对冲击和适应气候变化的社会保护的一个令人信服的案例,因为它的权力下放程度很高,其社会保护体系非常成熟。巴西也极易受到气候风险的影响,随着气候变化加剧,天气事件更加频繁和恶劣,加强社会保护体系的抵御能力变得越来越重要。本案例研究根据对官方文献的分析和对主要举报人的采访,考察了巴西政府的应急反应,特别关注联邦和州的干预措施。分析显示了联邦政府和州政府动员了大量的紧急援助,以及该系统的特点,例如利用技术绘制受灾地区的地图和利用现有的政府数据库,使快速反应成为可能。尽管如此,行为体在各级治理之间的协调和应急准备方面面临挑战。本研究提供了对联邦和州行为者遇到的障碍的一些反思,并指出了在系统层面上需要进一步改进的领域。
Social protection and the climate crisis: The case of Brazil’s emergency responses to the 2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods
The 2024 floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, prompted the largest and most rapid response to an extreme weather event in the country’s history. Brazil is a compelling case for analysing shock-responsive and climate-adaptive social protection because of its high level of decentralization and significant maturity of its social protection system. Brazil is also highly susceptible to climate risks, and as climate change intensifies, bringing more frequent and severe weather events, strengthening the resilience of social protection systems becomes increasingly vital. This case study examines the Brazilian government’s emergency responses, with a particular focus on the federal and state interventions, drawing from an analysis of the official literature and key informant interviews. The analysis shows how significant levels of emergency support were mobilized by federal and state governments, and the system features that enabled a quick response, such as the use of technology for mapping affected areas and the use of existing government databases. Nonetheless, actors faced challenges in terms of coordination between different levels of governance and in terms of emergency preparedness. This study provides some reflections on the obstacles encountered by federal and state actors and points to areas for further improvement at the system level.
期刊介绍:
The International Social Security Review, the world"s major international quarterly publication in the field of social security. First published in 1948, the journal appears in four language editions (English, French, German and Spanish). Articles by leading social security experts around the world present international comparisons and in-depth discussions of topical questions as well as studies of social security systems in different countries, and there is a regular, comprehensive round-up of the latest publications in its field.