Integrating geotechnical monitoring for landslide analysis at PK232, East-West highway, Algeria

Landslides pose significant risks to infrastructure, populations, and economic activities, especially in areas with challenging geological and hydrological conditions. This study examines the PK232 landslide along the East-West Highway in northeastern Algeria, a site with steep slopes, clay-rich soils, and notable groundwater effects. Through field investigations and the use of inclinometric and piezometric monitoring systems, the research characterizes the sliding mass’s geometry and internal structure, assesses groundwater’s role in slope instability, and evaluates the effectiveness of stabilization measures. The study identifies two distinct sliding blocks with slip surfaces at depths of approximately 17 m and 22 m. Monitoring data reveal that rainfall-induced groundwater fluctuations strongly correlate with lateral movements, underscoring groundwater as a key triggering factor. While retaining piles reduced sliding in the upper block, they were less effective in stabilizing deeper movements, highlighting the need for improved drainage and stabilization systems. This research provides new insights into the mechanisms driving the PK232 landslide and offers practical recommendations for enhancing slope stability in similar regions. By systematically integrating advanced monitoring techniques with field data, this study advances the understanding of landslides in geologically complex environments, addressing a critical knowledge gap in North African geotechnical research.