{"title":"含氟量和炭黑负荷对CO2管道输送用含氟弹性体的影响","authors":"Anu Muthukamatchi*, Ben Alcock* and Reidar Lund, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02277","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fluoroelastomers (FKMs) are widely used in oilfield seals due to their chemical resistance and thermal stability, yet their performance under liquid carbon dioxide (LCO<sub>2</sub>) conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the performance of two FKMs, a copolymer (FKM1) and a terpolymer (FKM2), each formulated with carbon black (CB) loadings of 0, 25, and 37.5 wt %, under exposure to liquid CO<sub>2</sub> at 23 ± 2 °C and 58 ± 2 bar, which are representative of typical CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline transport conditions. The compounds were characterized through in-situ swelling measurements and, before and after exposure, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile testing, and compression set (CS). Morphological evaluation was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on cryogenically fractured samples. The results show that FKM2, which contains higher fluorine content and estimated cross-linking density, exhibits lower swelling during and after decompression, improved dimensional recovery, and more stable mechanical performance following CO<sub>2</sub> exposure compared to FKM1. The addition of CB reduces CO<sub>2</sub>-induced rapid gas decompression (RGD) effects and increases tensile strength and stiffness, while reducing elastic recovery at higher filler loadings. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) shows negligible changes in polymer structure following exposure to LCO<sub>2</sub> in both FKM types. Overall, this study highlights that factors such as cross-link density, fluorine content, and carbon black loading are important when selecting fluorinated elastomers for CO<sub>2</sub> transport applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11827–11840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02277","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of Fluorine Content and Carbon Black Loadings on Fluoroelastomers for CO2 Pipeline Transport\",\"authors\":\"Anu Muthukamatchi*, Ben Alcock* and Reidar Lund, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsapm.5c02277\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Fluoroelastomers (FKMs) are widely used in oilfield seals due to their chemical resistance and thermal stability, yet their performance under liquid carbon dioxide (LCO<sub>2</sub>) conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the performance of two FKMs, a copolymer (FKM1) and a terpolymer (FKM2), each formulated with carbon black (CB) loadings of 0, 25, and 37.5 wt %, under exposure to liquid CO<sub>2</sub> at 23 ± 2 °C and 58 ± 2 bar, which are representative of typical CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline transport conditions. The compounds were characterized through in-situ swelling measurements and, before and after exposure, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile testing, and compression set (CS). Morphological evaluation was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on cryogenically fractured samples. The results show that FKM2, which contains higher fluorine content and estimated cross-linking density, exhibits lower swelling during and after decompression, improved dimensional recovery, and more stable mechanical performance following CO<sub>2</sub> exposure compared to FKM1. The addition of CB reduces CO<sub>2</sub>-induced rapid gas decompression (RGD) effects and increases tensile strength and stiffness, while reducing elastic recovery at higher filler loadings. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) shows negligible changes in polymer structure following exposure to LCO<sub>2</sub> in both FKM types. Overall, this study highlights that factors such as cross-link density, fluorine content, and carbon black loading are important when selecting fluorinated elastomers for CO<sub>2</sub> transport applications.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Applied Polymer Materials\",\"volume\":\"7 17\",\"pages\":\"11827–11840\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02277\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Applied Polymer Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsapm.5c02277\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsapm.5c02277","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Influence of Fluorine Content and Carbon Black Loadings on Fluoroelastomers for CO2 Pipeline Transport
Fluoroelastomers (FKMs) are widely used in oilfield seals due to their chemical resistance and thermal stability, yet their performance under liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the performance of two FKMs, a copolymer (FKM1) and a terpolymer (FKM2), each formulated with carbon black (CB) loadings of 0, 25, and 37.5 wt %, under exposure to liquid CO2 at 23 ± 2 °C and 58 ± 2 bar, which are representative of typical CO2 pipeline transport conditions. The compounds were characterized through in-situ swelling measurements and, before and after exposure, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile testing, and compression set (CS). Morphological evaluation was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on cryogenically fractured samples. The results show that FKM2, which contains higher fluorine content and estimated cross-linking density, exhibits lower swelling during and after decompression, improved dimensional recovery, and more stable mechanical performance following CO2 exposure compared to FKM1. The addition of CB reduces CO2-induced rapid gas decompression (RGD) effects and increases tensile strength and stiffness, while reducing elastic recovery at higher filler loadings. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) shows negligible changes in polymer structure following exposure to LCO2 in both FKM types. Overall, this study highlights that factors such as cross-link density, fluorine content, and carbon black loading are important when selecting fluorinated elastomers for CO2 transport applications.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Polymer Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology relevant to applications of polymers.
The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates fundamental knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, polymer science and chemistry into important polymer applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses relationships among structure, processing, morphology, chemistry, properties, and function as well as work that provide insights into mechanisms critical to the performance of the polymer for applications.