Seung Bum Park, Paul Zimmer-Harwood, T. Jake Liang
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Targets of protective immunity and opportunities in hepatitis C virus vaccine development
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a serious global health burden that affects nearly 50 million people worldwide. Despite the availability of highly effective direct-acting antiviral drugs, the lack of an effective HCV vaccine hinders control and elimination worldwide, wherein new infections and overall prevalence remain high. HCV vaccine development faces challenges including high genetic diversity of the virus, unclear correlates of protective immunity, and lack of robust in vivo models for vaccine testing. Despite these obstacles, the landscape of HCV vaccine development is rapidly evolving. Innovative strategies, including subunit, virus-like particle, viral vector, DNA and RNA vaccines, show promising results, and controlled human infection models offer a unique, albeit ethically complex, opportunity to accelerate vaccine development. Collaborative efforts among academia, industry, governmental agencies and regulatory bodies are crucial for optimizing vaccine strategies, overcoming current challenges and effecting advances towards global HCV elimination through vaccination.
期刊介绍:
Nature Reviews Immunology is a journal that provides comprehensive coverage of all areas of immunology, including fundamental mechanisms and applied aspects. It has two international standard serial numbers (ISSN): 1474-1733 for print and 1474-1741 for online. In addition to review articles, the journal also features recent developments and new primary papers in the field, as well as reflections on influential people, papers, and events in the development of immunology. The subjects covered by Nature Reviews Immunology include allergy and asthma, autoimmunity, antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis and cell death, chemokines and chemokine receptors, cytokines and cytokine receptors, development and function of cells of the immune system, haematopoiesis, infection and immunity, immunotherapy, innate immunity, mucosal immunology and the microbiota, regulation of the immune response, signalling in the immune system, transplantation, tumour immunology and immunotherapy, and vaccine development.