[INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN MODERN UROLOGY].

Introduction: This special issue of 'Harefuah' presents original research papers and review articles that reflect recent developments and innovations in urological care in Israel and worldwide. The expanding urological challenges today relate to establishing innovative and evidence-based treatment approaches tailored to the unique needs of patients and the risk factors in the development of urological diseases. These enable proper explanation and acquisition of accurate knowledge by patients and their families regarding the disease, risk, treatment, and recommended follow-up. Promoting shared decision-making models regarding treatment course and planning personalized surgical interventions improves treatment outcomes and patient and family experience. The issue covers a wide range of urological topics, from treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, through innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors, developments in endourology, to innovative solutions in urinary tract reconstruction. These articles reflect the extensive clinical and research activity in the field of urology in Israel and provide an up-to-date picture of future trends and technological developments expected to influence urological care in the coming years.