Algorithm to detect ISUP ≥ 2 prostate cancer using canine detection.

Purpose: Screening and diagnosing ISUP ≥ 2 prostate cancer is challenging. This study aimed to determine whether canine detection could be beneficial addition to the ISUP ≥ 2 prostate cancer diagnostic protocol by creating a decision-making algorithm for men with suspected prostate cancer.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study at two urology institutions and a French veterinary school, including men with a suspicion of prostate cancer from November to April 2023, which were divided into two groups according to their prostate biopsy results. Eight binary variables known to be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer were considered: body mass index, family history, age, smoking status, hypertension, digital rectal examination, _total PSA level and prostate MRI. A decision-making algorithm was then created using two diagnostic scores.

Results: 151 patients were included, 78 with ISUP ≥2 prostate cancer, and 73 without. The ProstateDetectScore was based on age, blood pressure, digital rectal examination, and MRI.[Formula: see text]Weight _i is the whole part {rounded (10 x β _i)} where β _i is the model parameter value associated with the variable i included in this model and var _ij is the value of variable i for patient j. The ProstateK9DetectScore is calculated from the same data plus the canine detection result. The following algorithm was constructed: PCa Prostate cancer, NPV negative predictive value, PPV positive predictive value CONCLUSION: The algorithm, involving canine detection, increases ISUP ≥2 prostate cancer detection rate through prostate biopsy, thus reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies.