Marco Bernardi, Michele Golino, Luigi Spadafora, Gianmarco Sarto, Maurizio Forte, Beatrice Simeone, Erica Rocco, Valentina Valenti, Sonia Schiavon, Antonio Esposito, Elena Di Florio, Lorenzo Scalia, Lorenzo Lo Sasso, Giacomo Frati, Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai, Francesco Versaci, Sebastiano Sciarretta
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Current challenges for the diagnosis of HFpEF and possible simplification of the diagnostic approach.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent and multifaceted clinical syndrome, often underdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous presentation and overlapping comorbidities. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in reducing heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we analyze the main challenges of HFpEF diagnosis and discuss current diagnostic algorithms. Based on recent evidence and recommendations, we propose a possible way to simplify and accelerate the diagnostic process of HFpEF, to support an early initiation of disease-modifying therapies. An interactive web-based version of the proposed algorithm is available at www.hfpefdiagnosis.com for research or exploratory purposes.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. The Journal encourages submission in all aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology/medicine including, but not limited to: stroke, kidney disease, lipid disorders, diabetes, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, cancer angiogenesis, neural and hormonal control of the circulation, sepsis, neurodegenerative diseases with a vascular component, cardiac and vascular remodeling, heart failure, angina, anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents, drugs/agents that affect vascular smooth muscle, and arrhythmias.
Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, application of drugs to gain novel insights into physiology or pathological conditions, clinical results with new and established agents, and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Please note that JCVP does not publish work based on biological extracts of mixed and uncertain chemical composition or unknown concentration.
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