Social inequities, climate change, and informal employment in Ecuador: a forthcoming challenge for occupational safety and health policies.

This viewpoint examines the inadequate protection of informal workers against climate change hazards under new legislation in Ecuador. The recent Executive Decree No. 255 (Regulation on Occupational Safety and Health), enacted in May 2024, explicitly excludes informal sector workers, who are at elevated risk due to climate change impacts such as rising extreme temperatures. Based on national survey data, it is estimated that 52.5% of the Ecuadorian workforce is informally employed, with figures exceeding 80% in sectors like agriculture and construction. This analysis highlights the most vulnerable workers and emphasizes the need to review and extend social security coverage to include informal workers. Integrating these considerations into the forthcoming National Occupational Safety and Health Policy is crucial.